Diagnostic and Biotech

Diagnostics are not exclusively used for the treatment of diseases but also for prediction of diseases. Additionally, it is also used for clinical development of drugs, identify reactions of particular diagnostics to patients, and improving outcomes of patients. Big Market Research reports on diagnostic and biotech industry assists businesses to gain thorough understanding of current and future market status. Additionally, it furnishes an extensive analysis of factors driving and restraining growth of the industry along with opportunities, detailed segmentation, and development trends of the market. Moreover, recent news, standards & regulations, policies, and new findings in the industry are cited. Comprehensive market statistics have been highlighted in the report to aid investors and stakeholders to implement various strategies to consolidate their position and sustain in the market.

No of Reports 1001

Global Luciferase Assays Market Size study, By Type (Beta- Galactosiase assays, Lucaiferase assays, Fluoresecent protein Related assays, Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase assays), By Application (Gene Expression, Post-Translational Modification, Protein-protein Interaction, Metabolic Activity, Others), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Luciferase Assays Market is valued approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX % over the forecast period 2022-2028. The Luciferase Assays can be defined as a test that investigates whether a protein can activate or repress the expression of a target gene using luciferase as a reporter protein. Luciferase assays are preferred b...

  • Publish Date: July 12, 2022
  • $4950
Global Angiogenesis Assays Market Size study, By Product Type (Angiogenesis Tube Formation Assays, Microfluidic Angiogenesis Assays, Endothelial Adhesion, Invasion and Migration Assays), By Application (In Vitro Angiogenesis, In Vivo Angiogenesis), By End User (Angiogenesis Assays for Hospitals, Angiogenesis Assays for Specialty Clinics, Angiogenesis Assays for Ambulatory Surgical Centers), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Angiogenesis Assays Market is valued approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX % over the forecast period 2022-2028. Angiogenesis refers to the process of generating new capillary blood vessels. It is essential for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Angiogenesis is stimulated when tumor tissues requir...

  • Publish Date: July 12, 2022
  • $4950
Global Process Oil Market Size study, By Product Type (Naphthenic, Paraffinic, Non-carcinogenic, Aromatic), By Application (Tire & Rubber, Polymer, Personal Care, Textile, Others), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Process Oil Market is valued at approximately USDXX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Process oil is a colorless oil with a high-performance quality, which is used in a wide range of technical and chemical industries as a raw material component. This oil is formed by the refining processes, such as cat...

  • Publish Date: July 11, 2022
  • $4950
Global Digital Mammography Market Size Study, by Product (2D Full Field Digital Mammography Tomosynthesis, 3D Full Field Digital Mammography Tomosynthesis), by End-User (Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Others) and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Digital Mammography Market is valued at approximately USD X.X billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX.X % over the forecast period 2022-2028. Digital mammography, also called full-field digital mammography (FFDM), is a mammography system in which the x-ray film is replaced by electronics that convert x-rays into mammographic pictures of the brea...

  • Publish Date: July 11, 2022
  • $4950
Global Intracardiac Echocardiography Market Size study, By Application (Electrophysiology, Left Atrial Appendage Closure, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, MitraClip Implantation and Mitral Valvuloplasty, Other Applications), By End-Users (Hospitals, Diagnostic Centers, Other End-Users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Intracardiac Echocardiography Market is valued at approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Intracardiac Echocardiography (ICE) is an imaging technique that is used to provide high-resolution and real-time visualization of cardiac structures by the usage of catheters. ICE collects images fr...

  • Publish Date: July 4, 2022
  • $4950
Global Veterinary Lasers Market Size study, By Product (Therapeutic Veterinary Lasers, Surgical Veterinary Lasers, Therapeutic And Surgical Veterinary Lasers), By Laser Type (Class 2 Veterinary Lasers, Class 3 Veterinary Lasers, Class 4 Veterinary Lasers), By End-user (Vet Hospitals, Vet Clinics, Others), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Veterinary Lasers Market is valued at approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Veterinary laser therapy is an innovative treatment that increases tissue repairment and reduces pain, inflammation, soreness, and injuries for clinical and medicinal applications. The growing adoption of compan...

  • Publish Date: July 4, 2022
  • $4950
Global Difficult-to-Express Proteins Market Size study, By Protein (Proteases, Kinases, Membrane Proteins, Others), By Technology (Cell-free Protein Synthesis, Prokaryotic Expression Systems, SUMO Fusion System, Gene Fusion Systems, Others), By Application (Drug Discovery, Protein Purification, Protein Therapeutics, Disease Diagnostics and Monitoring, Others), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Difficult-to-Express Proteins Market is valued approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX % over the forecast period 2022-2028. The Difficult-to-Express Proteins can be defined as proteins that cannot be easily synthesized in conventional in vivo protein production platforms. These proteins do not emerge in fully soluble, well...

  • Publish Date: June 22, 2022
  • $4950
Global Cetane Number Improver(2-EHN) Market Size study, by fuel type (Diesel, Biodiesel, Others), By chemical compound (2-Ethylhexyl nitrate, Di-tertiary butyl peroxide, Others), By end-user (Automotive, Mining, Oil& Gas, Agriculture, Others) and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Cetane Number Improver(2-EHN) Market is valued at approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 5.2% over the forecast period 2022-2028. The Cetane number is used to determine the ignition quality of diesel fuel. Diesel fuels with a high Cetane number provide a variety of engine and environmental benefits. Lower engine noise, reduced...

  • Publish Date: June 15, 2022
  • $4950
Global MiRNA Tools and Services Market Size study, By Product and Services (Research Tools, Services), By Technology (Extraction Tools, qRT-PCR, NGS, Microarray, Functional Analysis Tools, Others), By End User (Research and Academic Institutes, IVD, Pharma and Biotech Companies, CROs), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global MiRNA Tools and Services Market is valued approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX % over the forecast period 2022-2028. MiRNA also known as (micro RNA) refers to a small non-coding gene that regulates the expression of other genes. MiRNAs are involved in different aspects of cellular regulation, including development and dif...

  • Publish Date: June 13, 2022
  • $4950
Global Oncology Biosimilars Market Size study, By Indication (Atopic Dermatitis, Postoperative Immunosuppression, Ulcerative Colitis, Psoriasis, Keratoconjunctivitis, Others), By Drug Class (Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus, Others), By Route of Administration (Oral, Topical, Parenteral), By End-Users (Hospitals, Specialty Clinics, Homecare, Others), By Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Online Pharmacy, Others), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Oncology Biosimilars Market is valued approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX % over the forecast period 2022-2028. Oncology Biosimilars can be defined as a version of a known and proven biologic drug. These drugs are made from living things such as cells, tissues, or proteins. Biosimilars are more affordable alternatives to...

  • Publish Date: May 31, 2022
  • $4950
Global Brain Biomarkers Market Size study, By Product Type (Biomarker Test Kits, Biomarker Analyzers), By Disease Indication (Stroke, MND & ALS, Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease), By Application (Diagnosis, Drug Discovery and Development, Others), By End User (Hospitals, Research Laboratories, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Diagnostic Laboratories) and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Brain Biomarkers Market is valued approximately USD XX million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than XX % over the forecast period 2022-2028. Brain biomarkers are measurable indicator. These are used to make measurement of brain for diagnosis of diseases related to brains. Brain biomarkers are utilized in the assessment of variety of disease such as stro...

  • Publish Date: May 15, 2022
  • $4950
Global Molecular Cytogenetics Market Size study, by Product (Kits & Reagents, Instruments, Consumables, Software & Services), by Application (Genetic Disorders, Cancer, Personalized Medicine, Other Applications), by End-use (Clinical & Research Laboratories, Academic Research Institutes, Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies, Other End-users) and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Molecular Cytogenetics Market is valued at approximately USD 2.5 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 10.00 % over the forecast period 2022-2028. Molecular Cytogenetics is defined as a large set of techniques that operate either with the entire genome or with specific targeted DNA sequences. Increasing incidence of genetic disorders and cancer, ...

  • Publish Date: April 22, 2022
  • $4950
Global Nasal Drug Delivery Technology Market Size study, By Dosage Form (Sprays, Drops & Liquids, Powders, Gels), By Container (Pressurized Containers, Non-pressurized Containers), By System (Multi-dose Systems, Bi-dose Systems, Unit-dose Systems), By Therapeutic Application (Allergic and Non-Allergic Rhinitis, Nose Congestion, Vaccination, Other Therapeutic Applications), By End-User (Home Care Settings, Hospitals), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Nasal Drug Delivery Technology Market is valued at approximately USD 60.28 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 6.5% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Nasal drug delivery technology is a method of administering the drug directly into the nasal route. It offers direct contact to the systemic circulation. The growing awareness regarding the ava...

  • Publish Date: April 22, 2022
  • $4950
Global Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Market Size study, By Product (Antibodies, Reagents, Equipment, Kits), By Application (Diagnostic applications, Research applications, Forensic applications), By End User (Hospitals & Diagnostic Laboratories, Academic & research Institutes, Other end users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Market is valued approximately at USD 2.30 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 7.7% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Immunohistochemistry is one of the most common applications of immunostaining. It is a technique that utilizes antibodies conjugated to enzymes which catalyze reactions to create detectable compounds...

  • Publish Date: April 22, 2022
  • $4950
Global Rat Model Market Size study, by Model Type (Outbred Rats, Inbred Rats, Knockout/Genetically Modified Rats, Hybrid/Congenic Rats, Conditioned/Surgically Modified Rats, Immunodeficient Rats), by Service (Breeding, Cryopreservation, Quarantine, Rederivation, Model-in-licensing, Genetic Testing, Other Services), by End-use (Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Academic & Research Institutes, Contract Research Organizations (CROs)) and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Rat Model Market is valued at approximately USD 16.4 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 5.00 % over the forecast period 2022-2028. Rat Model ¬¬¬allows teachers to self-assess their integration of technology in the classroom. According to the RAT Model, digital technology can be used as replacement, amplification, or transformation in the cl...

  • Publish Date: April 22, 2022
  • $4950
Global Protein Binding Assays Market Size study, By Technology (Equilibrium dialysis, Ultrafiltration, Ultracentrifugation, Other technologies), By End-Users (Pharmaceutical & biotechnology companies, Contract research organizations (CROs), Other end users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Protein Binding Assays Market is valued approximately USD 347.35 Million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 10.7% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Protein binding assays are the form of compounds that are used for the production of many pharmaceuticals. These assays identify and offer vital data of reaction between two molecules. Additionally, t...

  • Publish Date: April 20, 2022
  • $4950
Global Protein Assays Market Size study, By Product (Reagents, Kits, Instruments & Accessories), By Technology (Absorbance-based Protein Assays, Colorimetric-based Protein Assays, Fluorescence-based Protein Assays), By Type (Dye-binding Assays, Copper-ion-based Assays, Test Strip-based Assays, Other Protein Assays), By Application (Drug Discovery and Development, Disease Diagnosis, Other Applications), By End User (Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Hospitals, Clinical Laboratories, Academic Institutes, Other End Users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Protein Assays Market is valued approximately USD 2.17 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 11.1% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Protein Assay is an analytical practice that is used for evaluating the concentration of protein or an array of other proteins in a sample solution. Protein assays play a vital role in pharmaceutical and biotec...

  • Publish Date: April 20, 2022
  • $4950
Global Expression Vectors Market Size study, By Host Type (Bacterial Expression Vectors, Mammalian Expression Vectors, Insect Expression Vectors, Yeast Expression Vectors, Other Expression Vectors), By Application (Therapeutic Applications, Research Applications, Industrial Applications), By End User (Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies, Contract Research Organizations (CROs) and Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMOs), Academic Research Institutes, Other End Users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Expression Vectors Market is valued approximately USD 334.54 million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 5.5% over the forecast period 2022-2028. An expression vector is also generally called as an expression construct that is a virus or plasmid planned for gene expression in cells. This vector is mainly used to introduce a particular gene into a t...

  • Publish Date: April 20, 2022
  • $4950
Global Cell Analysis Market Size study, By Product (Flow Cytometry Products, qPCR Products, Cell Microarrays, Microscopes, Spectrophotometers, Cell Counters, HCS Systems, Other Products), By Process (Cell Identification, Cell Viability, Cell Signaling Pathways/Signal Transduction, Cell Proliferation, Cell Counting and Quality Control, Cell Interaction, Target Identification and Validation, Single-cell Analysis), By End User (Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies and CROs, Hospitals and Diagnostic Laboratories, Research Institutes, Cell Culture Collection Repositories, Other End Users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Cell Analysis Market is valued approximately USD 18.38 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 7.2% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Cell Analysis is the study of proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and cell-cell interactions of living organisms at a single-cell level. Cell analysis is mainly adopted for analyzing, measuring,...

  • Publish Date: April 20, 2022
  • $4950
Global Bioprocess Technology Market Size study, By Product (Instruments, Consumables & Accessories), By End-Users (Biotech & Biopharmaceutical Companies, Contract Research Organization, Research & Academic Institutes, Others), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Bioprocess Technology Market is valued approximately USD 27.51 Billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 7.9% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Bioprocess technology is dealing with a variety of designs and innovative procedures and equipment for the production of materials like pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food, nutraceuticals, and many others b...

  • Publish Date: April 20, 2022
  • $4950
Global Stem Cell Therapy Market Size study, By Cell Source (Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells), Bone marrow-derived MSCs, Placental/umbilical cord-derived MSCs, Other Cell Sources), By Type (Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy, Autologous Stem Cell Therapy), By Therapeutic Application (Musculoskeletal Disorders, Wounds & Injuries, Cardiovascular Diseases, Surgeries, Inflammatory & Autoimmune Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Other), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market is valued approximately USD 160.52 million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 16.5% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Stem cells are cells with the ability to grow into various different forms of cells in both animal and human bodies. These cells are majorly served as a repair system for the body and are often used in me...

  • Publish Date: March 27, 2022
  • $4950
Global Recombinant Proteins Market Size study, By Product (Antibodies, Hormones, Growth Factors, Enzyme, Cytokines, Others), By Application (Drug Discovery & Development, Biopharmaceutical Production, Biotechnology Research, Academic Research Studies, Other Applications), By End User (Pharmaceutical & Biopharmaceutical Companies, Biotechnology Companies, Academic Research Institutes, Contract Research Organizations, Other End Users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Recombinant Proteins Market is valued approximately USD 910 million in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 9.8% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Recombinant proteins are the new amalgamation of genes that are primarily used to generate DNA. Recombinant DNA technology helps in the production of wild-type and modified human, mammalian proteins in bu...

  • Publish Date: March 27, 2022
  • $4950
Global Oligonucleotide Synthesis Market Size study, By Product (Oligonucleotide-Based Drugs, Synthesized Oligonucleotides, Reagents, Equipment), By Application (Research Applications {PCR, Sequencing, Other Research Applications}, Diagnostic Applications), By Type (Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies, Rnai Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies, Cpg Oligonucleotide-Based Therapies, By Disease Type:, Neurological Disorders, Infectious Diseases, Other Diseases), By End-Use (Hospitals, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Diagnostic Laboratories, Cros And Cmos, Academic Research Institutes), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Oligonucleotide Synthesis Market is valued approximately USD 5.36 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 17.6% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical fusion of comparatively short fragments of nucleic acids with a defined chemical structure or sequence. The technique is majorly used in laboratory practice ...

  • Publish Date: March 27, 2022
  • $4950
Global Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) Market Size study, By Product (NGS Consumables, Sequencing Services, Presequencing Products & Services, NGS Platforms, Bioinformatics, Services for NGS Platforms), By Technology (Sequencing by Synthesis, ION Semiconductor Sequencing, Nanopore Sequencing, Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing, Other Technologies), By Application (Diagnostics, Drug Discovery, Agricultural & Animal Research, Other Applications), By End-User (Academic Institutes & Research Centers, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Hospitals & Clinics, Other End Users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) Market is valued approximately USD 8.68 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 18.7% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) is a big parallel sequencing technology that offers rapidity, scalability, and ultra-high throughput. Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) is also known as second-...

  • Publish Date: March 27, 2022
  • $4950
Global Metabolomics Market Size study, By Product (Metabolomics Instruments {Separation Techniques, Detection Techniques}, Metabolomics Bioinformatics Tools & Services), By Application (Biomarker Discovery, Drug Discovery, Toxicology Testing, Nutrigenomics, Functional Genomics, Personalized Medicine, Other), By Indication (Cancer, Cardiovascular Disorders, Neurological Disorders, Metabolic Disorders, Inborn Errors Of Metabolism, Other), By End-Use (Academic And Research Institutes, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Contract Research Organizations, Other), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Metabolomics Market is valued approximately USD 1.9 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 13.4% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Metabolomics is a scientific study of chemical procedures that includes the small molecule substrates, intermediates and products of cell metabolism, and metabolites such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and mult...

  • Publish Date: March 27, 2022
  • $4950
Global Infrared & Terahertz Spectroscopy Market Size study, By Spectrum (Near-Infrared Radiation (Nir), Mid-Infrared Radiation (Mir) , Far-Infrared Radiation (Fir)), By Technology (Benchtop, Microscopy, Portable & Handheld , Hyphenated), By Application (Semiconductors, Homeland Security, Non-Destructive Testing, Research & Development Biomedical), By End-Use (Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology, Industrial Chemistry, Food & Beverage Testing, Environmental Testing, Other Application), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Infrared & Terahertz Spectroscopy Market is valued approximately USD 1.0 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 5.2% over the forecast period 2022-2028. The increasing number of government investments in infrared spectroscopy technologies, growing food safety concerns, and continuous technological advancements in spectroscopy are the chief fact...

  • Publish Date: March 27, 2022
  • $4950
Global Immunofluorescence Assay Market Size study, By Products (Antibodies, Reagents, Kits, Instruments, Consumables And Accessories), By Type (Indirect Immunofluorescence, Direct Immunofluorescence), By Disease (Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Autoimmune Diseases, Other Diseases), By End User (Academic & Research Institutes, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Contract Research Organizations, Hospitals & Diagnostic Centers), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Immunofluorescence Assay Market is valued approximately USD 2.45 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 6.0% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is a standard virologic procedure for detecting the presence of antibodies. The antibodies utilized in the assay are labeled with a fluorescence dye and enable them to tie...

  • Publish Date: March 27, 2022
  • $4950
Global Genomics Market Size study, By Product & Service (Systems & Software, Consumables, Services), By Technology (Sequencing, PCR, Nucleic Acid Extraction And Purification, Microarray, Other Technologies), By Application (Drug Discovery And Development, Diagnostics, Agriculture And Animal Research, Other Applications), By End-User (Hospitals & Clinics, Research Centers And Academic & Government Institutes,, Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Other End Users), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Genomics Market is valued approximately USD 22.7 billion in 2021 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 19.0% over the forecast period 2022-2028. Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology that emphasizes on mapping, evolution, structure, function, and editing of genomes. A genome is a set of DNAs, that encompasses all of its hierarchy and genes, in th...

  • Publish Date: March 23, 2022
  • $4950
Global Custom Antibody Market Size study, By Service (Antibody Development, Antibody Production & Purification, Antibody Fragmentation & Labelling), By Type (Monoclonal Antibodies, Polyclonal Antibodies, Recombinant Antibodies, Other Custom Antibodies), By Source (Mice, Rabbits, Other Sources), By Research Area (Oncology, Infectious Diseases, Neurobiology, Stem Cells, Immunology, Cardiovascular Disease, Other Research Areas), By End User (Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Companies, Academic & Research Institutes, Contract Research Organizations), and Regional Forecasts 2022-2028

Global Custom Antibody Market is valued approximately USD 355.33 million in 2020 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 10.6% over the forecast period 2021-2027. The growing number of research and development activities, the quality concerns over catalog antibodies, coupled with increasing industry-academia collaborations are the primary factors that are acceleratin...

  • Publish Date: March 23, 2022
  • $4950