Global Drum Brake System Consumption Market by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2021

Global Drum Brake System Consumption Market by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2021

1 Manufacturers Profiles

1.1 ZF TRW

1.1.1 Business Overview

1.1.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.1.2.1 Type 1

1.1.2.2 Type 2

1.1.2 ZF TRW Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.2 Mando Corporation

1.2.1 Business Overview

1.2.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.2.2.1 Type 1

1.2.2.2 Type 2

1.2.2 Mando Corporation Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.3 Akebono Brake Industry

1.3.1 Business Overview

1.3.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.3.2.1 Type 1

1.3.2.2 Type 2

1.3.2 Akebono Brake Industry Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.4 Aisin Seiki

1.4.1 Business Overview

1.4.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.4.2.1 Type 1

1.4.2.2 Type 2

1.4.2 Aisin Seiki Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.5 Continental

1.5.1 Business Overview

1.5.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.5.2.1 Type 1

1.5.2.2 Type 2

1.5.2 Continental Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.6 CBI

1.6.1 Business Overview

1.6.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.6.2.1 Type 1

1.6.2.2 Type 2

1.6.2 CBI Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.7 Nissin Kogyo

1.7.1 Business Overview

1.7.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.7.2.1 Type 1

1.7.2.2 Type 2

1.7.2 Nissin Kogyo Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.8 APG

1.8.1 Business Overview

1.8.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.8.2.1 Type 1

1.8.2.2 Type 2

1.8.2 APG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.9 Knorr-Bremse AG

1.9.1 Business Overview

1.9.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.9.2.1 Type 1

1.9.2.2 Type 2

1.9.2 Knorr-Bremse AG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.10 XinYi

1.10.1 Business Overview

1.10.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.10.2.1 Type 1

1.10.2.2 Type 2

1.10.2 XinYi Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.11 CCAG

1.11.1 Business Overview

1.11.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.11.2.1 Type 1

1.11.2.2 Type 2

1.11.2 CCAG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.12 TAIFENG

1.12.1 Business Overview

1.12.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.12.2.1 Type 1

1.12.2.2 Type 2

1.12.2 TAIFENG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

1.13 Shandong Aoyou

1.13.1 Business Overview

1.13.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

1.13.2.1 Type 1

1.13.2.2 Type 2

1.13.2 Shandong Aoyou Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share

2 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Market Competition, by Manufacturer

2.1 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer

2.2 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer

3 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Market Analysis by Regions

3.1.1 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Regions (2011-2016)

3.1.2 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Regions (2011-2016)

3.2 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

3.3 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

3.4 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

3.5 Latin America, Middle and Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

3.6 Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

4 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Drum Brake System Consumption by Countries

4.1 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries

4.1.1 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

4.1.2 North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

4.2 USA Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

4.3 Canada Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

4.4 Mexico Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

5 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) Drum Brake System Consumption by Countries

5.1 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries

5.1.1 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

5.1.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

5.2 Germany Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

5.3 UK Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

5.4 France Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

5.5 Russia Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

5.6 Italy Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

6 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Drum Brake System Consumption by Countries

6.1 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries

6.1.1 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

6.1.2 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

6.2 China Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

6.3 Japan Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

6.4 Korea Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

6.5 India Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

6.6 Southeast Asia Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

7 Latin America, Drum Brake System Consumption by Countries

7.1 Latin America, Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries

7.1.1 Latin America, Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

7.1.2 Latin America, Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

7.2 Brazil Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

7.3 Saudi Arabia Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

7.4 Egypt Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

7.5 Nigeria Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

7.6 South Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

8 Drum Brake System Consumption Market Segment by Type

8.1 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

8.1.2 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

8.1.1 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

8.2 Leading trailing shoe brake

8.2.1 Global Leading trailing shoe brake Sales Growth (2011-2016)

8.2.2 Global Leading trailing shoe brake Price (2011-2016)

8.3 Dual two trailing shoe brake

8.3.1 Global Dual two trailing shoe brake Sales Growth (2011-2016)

8.3.2 Global Dual two trailing shoe brake Price (2011-2016)

8.4 Dual two leading shoe brake

8.4.1 Global Dual two leading shoe brake Sales Growth (2011-2016)

8.4.2 Global Dual two leading shoe brake Price (2011-2016)

9 Drum Brake System Consumption Market Segment by Application

9.1 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

9.2 Passenger Vehicle

9.2.1 Passenger Vehicle Overview

9.2.2 Passenger Vehicle Sales Growth (2011-2016)

9.3 Commercial Vehicle

9.3.1 Commercial Vehicle Overview

9.3.2 Commercial Vehicle Sales Growth (2011-2016)

10 Drum Brake System Consumption Market Forecast (2016-2021)

10.1 Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2021)

10.2 Drum Brake System Consumption Market Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)

10.3 Drum Brake System Consumption Market Forecast by Type (2016-2021)

10.4 Drum Brake System Consumption Market Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

10.5 Market Dynamics

10.5.1 Market Opportunities

10.5.2 Market Constraints

10.5.3 Driving Force

11 Appendix

11.1 Methodology

11.2 Analyst Introduction

11.3 Data Source

List Of Tables and Figures

Table ZF TRW Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table ZF TRW Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Mando Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Mando Corporation Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Akebono Brake Industry Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Akebono Brake Industry Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Aisin Seiki Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Aisin Seiki Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Continental Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Continental Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table CBI Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table CBI Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Nissin Kogyo Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Nissin Kogyo Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table APG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table APG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Knorr-Bremse AG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Knorr-Bremse AG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table XinYi Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table XinYi Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table CCAG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table CCAG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table TAIFENG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table TAIFENG Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Shandong Aoyou Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Shandong Aoyou Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Type and Applications

Table Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Price, Revenue and Market Share (2015-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Manufacturer (2015-2016)

Figure Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2015

Figure Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2016

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Manufacturer (2015-2016)

Figure Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2015

Figure Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2016

Figure Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue and Growth (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Regions (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Regions (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)

Figure North America Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Europe Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Asia-Pacific Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Latin America Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Middle and Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure North America Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue and Growth (2011-2016)

Table North America Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

Table North America Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Table North America Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

Table North America Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Figure USA Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Canada Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Mexico Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Europe Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue and Growth (2011-2016)

Table Europe Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Europe Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Europe Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Europe Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Figure Germany Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure UK Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure France Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Russia Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Italy Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Asia-Pacific Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue and Growth (2011-2016)

Table Asia-Pacific Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Asia-Pacific Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Asia-Pacific Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Asia-Pacific Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Figure China Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Japan Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Korea Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure India Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Southeast Asia Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Latin America, Middle and Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue and Growth (2011-2016)

Table Latin America, Middle and Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Latin America, Middle and Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Latin America, Middle and Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Latin America, Middle and Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Figure Brazil Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Saudi Arabia Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Egypt Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Nigeria Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Figure South Africa Drum Brake System Consumption Sales and Growth (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue by Type (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Type (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Product Picture of Leading trailing shoe brake

Table Major Manufacturers of Leading trailing shoe brake

Figure Global Leading trailing shoe brake Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Leading trailing shoe brake Price (2011-2016)

Figure Product Picture of Dual two trailing shoe brake

Table Major Manufacturers of Dual two trailing shoe brake

Figure Global Dual two trailing shoe brake Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Dual two trailing shoe brake Price (2011-2016)

Figure Product Picture of Dual two leading shoe brake

Table Major Manufacturers of Dual two leading shoe brake

Figure Global Dual two leading shoe brake Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Dual two leading shoe brake Price (2011-2016)

Figure Product Picture of

Table Major Manufacturers of

Figure Global Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Price (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales by Application (2011-2016)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Global Passenger Vehicle Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Commercial Vehicle Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Sales Growth (2011-2016)

Figure Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2016 -2021)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Market Share Forecast by Type (2016-2021)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

Table Global Drum Brake System Consumption Market Share Forecast by Application (2016-2021)