Request for Covid-19 Impact Assessment of this Report
Sales, means the sales volume of Vertical Farming
Revenue, means the sales value of Vertical Farming
This report studies sales (consumption) of Vertical Farming in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering
Philips
OSRAM
Illumitex
GE
Valoya
Everlight Electronics
Epistar
LumiGrow
LEDHYDROPONICS
Fionia Lighting
Market Segment by Countries, this report splits Europe into several key Countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Vertical Farming in these countries, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like
Germany
France
UK
Russia
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Split by product type, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into
Aeroponics
Hydroponics
Aquaponics
Split by application, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Vertical Farming in each application, can be divided into
Building-Based Vertical Farming
Shipping Container Vertical Farming
Europe Vertical Farming Market Report 2017
1 Vertical Farming Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Vertical Farming
1.2 Classification of Vertical Farming
1.2.1 Aeroponics
1.2.2 Hydroponics
1.2.3 Aquaponics
1.3 Application of Vertical Farming
1.3.1 Building-Based Vertical Farming
1.3.2 Shipping Container Vertical Farming
1.4 Vertical Farming Market by Countries
1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Vertical Farming (2012-2022)
1.5.1 Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
1.5.2 Europe Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
2 Europe Vertical Farming by Manufacturers, Type and Application
2.1 Europe Vertical Farming Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1.1 Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.1.2 Europe Vertical Farming Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Vertical Farming (Volume and Value) by Type
2.2.1 Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
2.2.2 Europe Vertical Farming Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
2.3 Europe Vertical Farming (Volume and Value) by Countries
2.3.1 Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
2.3.2 Europe Vertical Farming Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
2.4 Europe Vertical Farming (Volume) by Application
3 Germany Vertical Farming (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
3.1 Germany Vertical Farming Sales and Value (2012-2017)
3.1.1 Germany Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
3.1.2 Germany Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
3.1.3 Germany Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
3.2 Germany Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application
4 France Vertical Farming (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
4.1 France Vertical Farming Sales and Value (2012-2017)
4.1.1 France Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
4.1.2 France Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
4.1.4 France Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
4.2 France Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application
5 UK Vertical Farming (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
5.1 UK Vertical Farming Sales and Value (2012-2017)
5.1.1 UK Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
5.1.2 UK Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
5.1.5 UK Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
5.2 UK Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application
6 Russia Vertical Farming (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
6.1 Russia Vertical Farming Sales and Value (2012-2017)
6.1.1 Russia Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.2 Russia Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.6 Russia Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Russia Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application
7 Italy Vertical Farming (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
7.1 Italy Vertical Farming Sales and Value (2012-2017)
7.1.1 Italy Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.2 Italy Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.7 Italy Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 Italy Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application
8 Spain Vertical Farming (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
8.1 Spain Vertical Farming Sales and Value (2012-2017)
8.1.1 Spain Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.2 Spain Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.8 Spain Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 Spain Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application
9 Benelux Vertical Farming (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
9.1 Benelux Vertical Farming Sales and Value (2012-2017)
9.1.1 Benelux Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
9.1.2 Benelux Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
9.1.9 Benelux Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Benelux Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application
10 Europe Vertical Farming Manufacturers Analysis
10.1 Philips
10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.1.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.1.2.1 Aeroponics
10.1.2.2 Hydroponics
10.1.3 Philips Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 OSRAM
10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.2.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.2.2.1 Aeroponics
10.2.2.2 Hydroponics
10.2.3 OSRAM Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Illumitex
10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.3.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.3.2.1 Aeroponics
10.3.2.2 Hydroponics
10.3.3 Illumitex Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 GE
10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.4.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.4.2.1 Aeroponics
10.4.2.2 Hydroponics
10.4.3 GE Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Valoya
10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.5.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.5.2.1 Aeroponics
10.5.2.2 Hydroponics
10.5.3 Valoya Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Everlight Electronics
10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.6.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.6.2.1 Aeroponics
10.6.2.2 Hydroponics
10.6.3 Everlight Electronics Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 Epistar
10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.7.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.7.2.1 Aeroponics
10.7.2.2 Hydroponics
10.7.3 Epistar Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 LumiGrow
10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.8.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.8.2.1 Aeroponics
10.8.2.2 Hydroponics
10.8.3 LumiGrow Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 LEDHYDROPONICS
10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.9.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.9.2.1 Aeroponics
10.9.2.2 Hydroponics
10.9.3 LEDHYDROPONICS Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.10 Fionia Lighting
10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.10.2 Vertical Farming Product Type, Application and Specification
10.10.2.1 Aeroponics
10.10.2.2 Hydroponics
10.10.3 Fionia Lighting Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
11 Vertical Farming Manufacturing Cost Analysis
11.1 Vertical Farming Key Raw Materials Analysis
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Vertical Farming
12 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
12.1 Vertical Farming Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Vertical Farming Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers
13 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
13.1 Marketing Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
13.2.2 Brand Strategy
13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List
14 Europe Vertical Farming Market Forecast (2017-2022)
14.1 Germany Vertical Farming Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2 France Vertical Farming Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.3 UK Vertical Farming Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.4 Russia Vertical Farming Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.5 Italy Vertical Farming Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.6 Spain Vertical Farming Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.7 Benelux Vertical Farming Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.8 Europe Vertical Farming Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
14.9 Europe Vertical Farming Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
Figure Picture of Vertical Farming
Table Classification of Vertical Farming
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Vertical Farming by Type in 2015
Figure Aeroponics Picture
Figure Hydroponics Picture
Figure Aquaponics Picture
Table Application of Vertical Farming
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Vertical Farming by Application in 2015
Figure Building-Based Vertical Farming Examples
Figure Shipping Container Vertical Farming Examples
Figure Germany Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure France Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure UK Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Russia Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Italy Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Spain Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Benelux Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Vertical Farming Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Vertical Farming Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Vertical Farming Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Vertical Farming Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Vertical Farming Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Vertical Farming by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Vertical Farming Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Vertical Farming by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Vertical Farming Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Vertical Farming by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Revenue Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Vertical Farming by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Vertical Farming by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Germany Vertical Farming Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Vertical Farming Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Vertical Farming Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Vertical Farming Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Vertical Farming Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Vertical Farming Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table France Vertical Farming Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Vertical Farming Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Vertical Farming Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Vertical Farming Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Vertical Farming Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Vertical Farming Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table UK Vertical Farming Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Vertical Farming Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Vertical Farming Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Vertical Farming Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Vertical Farming Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Vertical Farming Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Russia Vertical Farming Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Vertical Farming Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Vertical Farming Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Vertical Farming Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Vertical Farming Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Vertical Farming Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Italy Vertical Farming Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Vertical Farming Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Vertical Farming Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Vertical Farming Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Vertical Farming Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Vertical Farming Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Spain Vertical Farming Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Vertical Farming Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Vertical Farming Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Vertical Farming Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Vertical Farming Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Vertical Farming Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Vertical Farming Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Benelux Vertical Farming Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Vertical Farming Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Vertical Farming Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Vertical Farming Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Vertical Farming Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Vertical Farming Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Vertical Farming Basic Information List
Table Philips Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Philips Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table OSRAM Basic Information List
Table OSRAM Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table OSRAM Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Illumitex Basic Information List
Table Illumitex Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Illumitex Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table GE Basic Information List
Table GE Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table GE Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Valoya Basic Information List
Table Valoya Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Valoya Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Everlight Electronics Basic Information List
Table Everlight Electronics Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Everlight Electronics Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Epistar Basic Information List
Table Epistar Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Epistar Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table LumiGrow Basic Information List
Table LumiGrow Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table LumiGrow Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table LEDHYDROPONICS Basic Information List
Table LEDHYDROPONICS Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table LEDHYDROPONICS Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Fionia Lighting Basic Information List
Table Fionia Lighting Vertical Farming Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Fionia Lighting Vertical Farming Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Vertical Farming
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Vertical Farming
Figure Vertical Farming Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Vertical Farming Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Vertical Farming
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Germany Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Vertical Farming Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Vertical Farming Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Europe Vertical Farming Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
According to FAO, aquaculture, also known as aqua farming, is defined as the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants. Farming implies intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocki...
In the year 2015, the global organic food and beverages market accounted for $115,984 million, and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 16.4% to reach $327,600 million by 2022. Organic foods are produced by organic farming, which uses natural fertilizers and trad...
Animal nutrition chemicals are supplements given to animals that corrects deficiencies in feed and dietary supplementation. In addition, animal nutrition chemicals improve animal’s immunity, pregnancy outcome, fertility, newborn survival and growth, meat...