Global R&D Incentive Services Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2022-2028

1.1 Market Introduction

1.2 Years Considered

1.3 Research Objectives

1.4 Market Research Methodology

1.5 Research Process and Data Source

1.6 Economic Indicators

1.7 Currency Considered

2 Executive Summary

2.1 World Market Overview

2.1.1 Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2017-2028

2.1.2 R&D Incentive Services Market Size CAGR by Region 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028

2.2 R&D Incentive Services Segment by Type

2.2.1 R&D Tax Credit

2.2.2 Application for Government Subsidy

2.2.3 Others

2.3 R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type

2.3.1 R&D Incentive Services Market Size CAGR by Type (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028)

2.3.2 Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.4 R&D Incentive Services Segment by Application

2.4.1 Research Group

2.4.2 High-Tech Enterprises

2.4.3 Others

2.5 R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application

2.5.1 R&D Incentive Services Market Size CAGR by Application (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028)

2.5.2 Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

3 R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Player

3.1 R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Players

3.1.1 Global R&D Incentive Services Revenue by Players (2020-2022)

3.1.2 Global R&D Incentive Services Revenue Market Share by Players (2020-2022)

3.2 Global R&D Incentive Services Key Players Head office and Products Offered

3.3 Market Concentration Rate Analysis

3.3.1 Competition Landscape Analysis

3.3.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

3.4 New Products and Potential Entrants

3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 R&D Incentive Services by Regions

4.1 R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Regions (2017-2022)

4.2 Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

4.3 APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

4.4 Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

4.5 Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

5 Americas

5.1 Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Country (2017-2022)

5.2 Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

5.3 Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

5.4 United States

5.5 Canada

5.6 Mexico

5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Region (2017-2022)

6.2 APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

6.3 APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

6.4 China

6.5 Japan

6.6 Korea

6.7 Southeast Asia

6.8 India

6.9 Australia

7 Europe

7.1 Europe R&D Incentive Services by Country (2017-2022)

7.2 Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

7.3 Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

7.4 Germany

7.5 France

7.6 UK

7.7 Italy

7.8 Russia

8 Middle East & Africa

8.1 Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services by Region (2017-2022)

8.2 Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

8.3 Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

8.4 Egypt

8.5 South Africa

8.6 Israel

8.7 Turkey

8.8 GCC Countries

9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities

9.2 Market Challenges & Risks

9.3 Industry Trends

10 Global R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.1 Global R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)

10.1.1 Global R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)

10.1.2 Americas R&D Incentive Services Forecast

10.1.3 APAC R&D Incentive Services Forecast

10.1.4 Europe R&D Incentive Services Forecast

10.1.5 Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Forecast

10.2 Americas R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Country (2023-2028)

10.2.1 United States R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.2.2 Canada R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.2.3 Mexico R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.2.4 Brazil R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.3 APAC R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

10.3.1 China R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.3.2 Japan R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.3.3 Korea R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.3.4 Southeast Asia R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.3.5 India R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.3.6 Australia R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.4 Europe R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Country (2023-2028)

10.4.1 Germany R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.4.2 France R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.4.3 UK R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.4.4 Italy R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.4.5 Russia R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.5 Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

10.5.1 Egypt R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.5.2 South Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.5.3 Israel R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.5.4 Turkey R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.5.5 GCC Countries R&D Incentive Services Market Forecast

10.6 Global R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

10.7 Global R&D Incentive Services Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

11 Key Players Analysis

11.1 PwC

11.1.1 PwC Company Information

11.1.2 PwC R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.1.3 PwC R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.1.4 PwC Main Business Overview

11.1.5 PwC Latest Developments

11.2 KPMG

11.2.1 KPMG Company Information

11.2.2 KPMG R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.2.3 KPMG R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.2.4 KPMG Main Business Overview

11.2.5 KPMG Latest Developments

11.3 Deloitte

11.3.1 Deloitte Company Information

11.3.2 Deloitte R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.3.3 Deloitte R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.3.4 Deloitte Main Business Overview

11.3.5 Deloitte Latest Developments

11.4 Bentleys

11.4.1 Bentleys Company Information

11.4.2 Bentleys R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.4.3 Bentleys R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.4.4 Bentleys Main Business Overview

11.4.5 Bentleys Latest Developments

11.5 RSM

11.5.1 RSM Company Information

11.5.2 RSM R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.5.3 RSM R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.5.4 RSM Main Business Overview

11.5.5 RSM Latest Developments

11.6 Cherry Bekaert

11.6.1 Cherry Bekaert Company Information

11.6.2 Cherry Bekaert R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.6.3 Cherry Bekaert R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.6.4 Cherry Bekaert Main Business Overview

11.6.5 Cherry Bekaert Latest Developments

11.7 BDO

11.7.1 BDO Company Information

11.7.2 BDO R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.7.3 BDO R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.7.4 BDO Main Business Overview

11.7.5 BDO Latest Developments

11.8 Ayming

11.8.1 Ayming Company Information

11.8.2 Ayming R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.8.3 Ayming R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.8.4 Ayming Main Business Overview

11.8.5 Ayming Latest Developments

11.9 Moss Adams LLP

11.9.1 Moss Adams LLP Company Information

11.9.2 Moss Adams LLP R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.9.3 Moss Adams LLP R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.9.4 Moss Adams LLP Main Business Overview

11.9.5 Moss Adams LLP Latest Developments

11.10 AndreTaxCo, PLLC

11.10.1 AndreTaxCo, PLLC Company Information

11.10.2 AndreTaxCo, PLLC R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.10.3 AndreTaxCo, PLLC R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.10.4 AndreTaxCo, PLLC Main Business Overview

11.10.5 AndreTaxCo, PLLC Latest Developments

11.11 MENZIES LLP

11.11.1 MENZIES LLP Company Information

11.11.2 MENZIES LLP R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

11.11.3 MENZIES LLP R&D Incentive Services Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.11.4 MENZIES LLP Main Business Overview

11.11.5 MENZIES LLP Latest Developments

12 Research Findings and Conclusion

Table 1. R&D Incentive Services Market Size CAGR by Region (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 2. Major Players of R&D Tax Credit

Table 3. Major Players of Application for Government Subsidy

Table 4. Major Players of Others

Table 5. R&D Incentive Services Market Size CAGR by Type (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 6. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 7. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 8. R&D Incentive Services Market Size CAGR by Application (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 9. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 10. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 11. Global R&D Incentive Services Revenue by Players (2020-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 12. Global R&D Incentive Services Revenue Market Share by Player (2020-2022)

Table 13. R&D Incentive Services Key Players Head office and Products Offered

Table 14. R&D Incentive Services Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

Table 15. New Products and Potential Entrants

Table 16. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Table 17. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Regions 2017-2022 & ($ Millions)

Table 18. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Table 19. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 20. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 21. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 22. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 23. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 24. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 25. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 26. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 27. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 28. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 29. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 30. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 31. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 32. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 33. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 34. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 35. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 36. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 37. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 38. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 39. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 40. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 41. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 42. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 43. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of R&D Incentive Services

Table 44. Key Market Challenges & Risks of R&D Incentive Services

Table 45. Key Industry Trends of R&D Incentive Services

Table 46. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Forecast by Regions (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 47. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)

Table 48. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 49. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 50. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 51. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 52. PwC Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 53. PwC R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 54. PwC R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 55. PwC Main Business

Table 56. PwC Latest Developments

Table 57. KPMG Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 58. KPMG R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 59. KPMG Main Business

Table 60. KPMG R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 61. KPMG Latest Developments

Table 62. Deloitte Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 63. Deloitte R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 64. Deloitte Main Business

Table 65. Deloitte R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 66. Deloitte Latest Developments

Table 67. Bentleys Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 68. Bentleys R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 69. Bentleys Main Business

Table 70. Bentleys R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 71. Bentleys Latest Developments

Table 72. RSM Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 73. RSM R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 74. RSM Main Business

Table 75. RSM R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 76. RSM Latest Developments

Table 77. Cherry Bekaert Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 78. Cherry Bekaert R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 79. Cherry Bekaert Main Business

Table 80. Cherry Bekaert R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 81. Cherry Bekaert Latest Developments

Table 82. BDO Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 83. BDO R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 84. BDO Main Business

Table 85. BDO R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 86. BDO Latest Developments

Table 87. Ayming Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 88. Ayming R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 89. Ayming Main Business

Table 90. Ayming R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 91. Ayming Latest Developments

Table 92. Moss Adams LLP Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 93. Moss Adams LLP R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 94. Moss Adams LLP Main Business

Table 95. Moss Adams LLP R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 96. Moss Adams LLP Latest Developments

Table 97. AndreTaxCo, PLLC Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 98. AndreTaxCo, PLLC R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 99. AndreTaxCo, PLLC Main Business

Table 100. AndreTaxCo, PLLC R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 101. AndreTaxCo, PLLC Latest Developments

Table 102. MENZIES LLP Details, Company Type, R&D Incentive Services Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 103. MENZIES LLP R&D Incentive Services Product Offered

Table 104. MENZIES LLP R&D Incentive Services Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 105. MENZIES LLP Main Business

Table 106. MENZIES LLP Latest Developments

List of Figures

Figure 1. R&D Incentive Services Report Years Considered

Figure 2. Research Objectives

Figure 3. Research Methodology

Figure 4. Research Process and Data Source

Figure 5. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 6. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 7. R&D Incentive Services in Research Group

Figure 8. Global R&D Incentive Services Market: Research Group (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Figure 9. R&D Incentive Services in High-Tech Enterprises

Figure 10. Global R&D Incentive Services Market: High-Tech Enterprises (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Figure 11. R&D Incentive Services in Others

Figure 12. Global R&D Incentive Services Market: Others (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Figure 13. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 14. Global R&D Incentive Services Revenue Market Share by Player in 2021

Figure 15. Global R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Figure 16. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 17. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 18. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 19. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 20. Americas R&D Incentive Services Value Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 21. Americas R&D Incentive Services Consumption Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 22. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 23. United States R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 24. Canada R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 25. Mexico R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 26. Brazil R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 27. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 28. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 29. China R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 30. Japan R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 31. Korea R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 32. Southeast Asia R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 33. India R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 34. Australia R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 35. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 36. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 37. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 38. Germany R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 39. France R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 40. UK R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 41. Italy R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 42. Russia R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 43. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 44. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 45. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 46. Egypt R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 47. South Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 48. Israel R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 49. Turkey R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 50. GCC Country R&D Incentive Services Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 51. Americas R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 52. APAC R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 53. Europe R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 54. Middle East & Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 55. United States R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 56. Canada R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 57. Mexico R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 58. Brazil R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 59. China R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 60. Japan R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 61. Korea R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 62. Southeast Asia R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 63. India R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 64. Australia R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 65. Germany R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 66. France R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 67. UK R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 68. Italy R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 69. Russia R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 70. Spain R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 71. Egypt R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 72. South Africa R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 73. Israel R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 74. Turkey R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 75. GCC Countries R&D Incentive Services Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)