Global Lairage Equipment Market Growth 2022-2028

1.1 Market Introduction

1.2 Years Considered

1.3 Research Objectives

1.4 Market Research Methodology

1.5 Research Process and Data Source

1.6 Economic Indicators

1.7 Currency Considered

2 Executive Summary

2.1 World Market Overview

2.1.1 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Sales 2017-2028

2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for Lairage Equipment by Geographic Region, 2017, 2022 & 2028

2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Lairage Equipment by Country/Region, 2017, 2022 & 2028

2.2 Lairage Equipment Segment by Type

2.2.1 Livestock

2.2.2 Aquatic Products

2.2.3 Poultry

2.3 Lairage Equipment Sales by Type

2.3.1 Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.3.2 Global Lairage Equipment Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.3.3 Global Lairage Equipment Sale Price by Type (2017-2022)

2.4 Lairage Equipment Segment by Application

2.4.1 Pasture

2.4.2 Slaughterhouse

2.5 Lairage Equipment Sales by Application

2.5.1 Global Lairage Equipment Sale Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

2.5.2 Global Lairage Equipment Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

2.5.3 Global Lairage Equipment Sale Price by Application (2017-2022)

3 Global Lairage Equipment by Company

3.1 Global Lairage Equipment Breakdown Data by Company

3.1.1 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Sales by Company (2020-2022)

3.1.2 Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

3.2 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Revenue by Company (2020-2022)

3.2.1 Global Lairage Equipment Revenue by Company (2020-2022)

3.2.2 Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

3.3 Global Lairage Equipment Sale Price by Company

3.4 Key Manufacturers Lairage Equipment Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Lairage Equipment Product Location Distribution

3.4.2 Players Lairage Equipment Products Offered

3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis

3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis

3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants

3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 World Historic Review for Lairage Equipment by Geographic Region

4.1 World Historic Lairage Equipment Market Size by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

4.1.1 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

4.1.2 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Revenue by Geographic Region

4.2 World Historic Lairage Equipment Market Size by Country/Region (2017-2022)

4.2.1 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Sales by Country/Region (2017-2022)

4.2.2 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Revenue by Country/Region

4.3 Americas Lairage Equipment Sales Growth

4.4 APAC Lairage Equipment Sales Growth

4.5 Europe Lairage Equipment Sales Growth

4.6 Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales Growth

5 Americas

5.1 Americas Lairage Equipment Sales by Country

5.1.1 Americas Lairage Equipment Sales by Country (2017-2022)

5.1.2 Americas Lairage Equipment Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

5.2 Americas Lairage Equipment Sales by Type

5.3 Americas Lairage Equipment Sales by Application

5.4 United States

5.5 Canada

5.6 Mexico

5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Lairage Equipment Sales by Region

6.1.1 APAC Lairage Equipment Sales by Region (2017-2022)

6.1.2 APAC Lairage Equipment Revenue by Region (2017-2022)

6.2 APAC Lairage Equipment Sales by Type

6.3 APAC Lairage Equipment Sales by Application

6.4 China

6.5 Japan

6.6 South Korea

6.7 Southeast Asia

6.8 India

6.9 Australia

6.10 China Taiwan

7 Europe

7.1 Europe Lairage Equipment by Country

7.1.1 Europe Lairage Equipment Sales by Country (2017-2022)

7.1.2 Europe Lairage Equipment Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

7.2 Europe Lairage Equipment Sales by Type

7.3 Europe Lairage Equipment Sales by Application

7.4 Germany

7.5 France

7.6 UK

7.7 Italy

7.8 Russia

8 Middle East & Africa

8.1 Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment by Country

8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales by Country (2017-2022)

8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

8.2 Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales by Type

8.3 Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales by Application

8.4 Egypt

8.5 South Africa

8.6 Israel

8.7 Turkey

8.8 GCC Countries

9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities

9.2 Market Challenges & Risks

9.3 Industry Trends

10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis

10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers

10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Lairage Equipment

10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Lairage Equipment

10.4 Industry Chain Structure of Lairage Equipment

11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer

11.1 Sales Channel

11.1.1 Direct Channels

11.1.2 Indirect Channels

11.2 Lairage Equipment Distributors

11.3 Lairage Equipment Customer

12 World Forecast Review for Lairage Equipment by Geographic Region

12.1 Global Lairage Equipment Market Size Forecast by Region

12.1.1 Global Lairage Equipment Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

12.1.2 Global Lairage Equipment Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

12.2 Americas Forecast by Country

12.3 APAC Forecast by Region

12.4 Europe Forecast by Country

12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country

12.6 Global Lairage Equipment Forecast by Type

12.7 Global Lairage Equipment Forecast by Application

13 Key Players Analysis

13.1 DGS

13.1.1 DGS Company Information

13.1.2 DGS Lairage Equipment Product Offered

13.1.3 DGS Lairage Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.1.4 DGS Main Business Overview

13.1.5 DGS Latest Developments

13.2 Frontmatec

13.2.1 Frontmatec Company Information

13.2.2 Frontmatec Lairage Equipment Product Offered

13.2.3 Frontmatec Lairage Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.2.4 Frontmatec Main Business Overview

13.2.5 Frontmatec Latest Developments

13.3 Normandie Stabulation/Baert

13.3.1 Normandie Stabulation/Baert Company Information

13.3.2 Normandie Stabulation/Baert Lairage Equipment Product Offered

13.3.3 Normandie Stabulation/Baert Lairage Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.3.4 Normandie Stabulation/Baert Main Business Overview

13.3.5 Normandie Stabulation/Baert Latest Developments

13.4 VDZ

13.4.1 VDZ Company Information

13.4.2 VDZ Lairage Equipment Product Offered

13.4.3 VDZ Lairage Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.4.4 VDZ Main Business Overview

13.4.5 VDZ Latest Developments

13.5 Gerard Muckian

13.5.1 Gerard Muckian Company Information

13.5.2 Gerard Muckian Lairage Equipment Product Offered

13.5.3 Gerard Muckian Lairage Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.5.4 Gerard Muckian Main Business Overview

13.5.5 Gerard Muckian Latest Developments

13.6 Baader

13.6.1 Baader Company Information

13.6.2 Baader Lairage Equipment Product Offered

13.6.3 Baader Lairage Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.6.4 Baader Main Business Overview

13.6.5 Baader Latest Developments

13.7 Renner Schlachthaustechnik

13.7.1 Renner Schlachthaustechnik Company Information

13.7.2 Renner Schlachthaustechnik Lairage Equipment Product Offered

13.7.3 Renner Schlachthaustechnik Lairage Equipment Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.7.4 Renner Schlachthaustechnik Main Business Overview

13.7.5 Renner Schlachthaustechnik Latest Developments

14 Research Findings and Conclusion

Table 1. Lairage Equipment Annual Sales CAGR by Geographic Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Table 2. Lairage Equipment Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Table 3. Major Players of Livestock

Table 4. Major Players of Aquatic Products

Table 5. Major Players of Poultry

Table 6. Global Lairage Equipment Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 7. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 8. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & ($ million)

Table 9. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 10. Global Lairage Equipment Sale Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)

Table 11. Global Lairage Equipment Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 12. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 13. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue by Application (2017-2022)

Table 14. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 15. Global Lairage Equipment Sale Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)

Table 16. Global Lairage Equipment Sales by Company (2020-2022) & (Units)

Table 17. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

Table 18. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue by Company (2020-2022) ($ Millions)

Table 19. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

Table 20. Global Lairage Equipment Sale Price by Company (2020-2022) & (US$/Unit)

Table 21. Key Manufacturers Lairage Equipment Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area

Table 22. Players Lairage Equipment Products Offered

Table 23. Lairage Equipment Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

Table 24. New Products and Potential Entrants

Table 25. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Table 26. Global Lairage Equipment Sales by Geographic Region (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 27. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Table 28. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue by Geographic Region (2017-2022) & ($ millions)

Table 29. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Table 30. Global Lairage Equipment Sales by Country/Region (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 31. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2017-2022)

Table 32. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue by Country/Region (2017-2022) & ($ millions)

Table 33. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2017-2022)

Table 34. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 35. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 36. Americas Lairage Equipment Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 37. Americas Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 38. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 39. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 40. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 41. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 42. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 43. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 44. APAC Lairage Equipment Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 45. APAC Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 46. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 47. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 48. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 49. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 50. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 51. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 52. Europe Lairage Equipment Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 53. Europe Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 54. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 55. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 56. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 57. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 58. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 59. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 60. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 61. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 62. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 63. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 64. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (Units)

Table 65. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 66. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Lairage Equipment

Table 67. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Lairage Equipment

Table 68. Key Industry Trends of Lairage Equipment

Table 69. Lairage Equipment Raw Material

Table 70. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Table 71. Lairage Equipment Distributors List

Table 72. Lairage Equipment Customer List

Table 73. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (Units)

Table 74. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Forecast by Region

Table 75. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 76. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

Table 77. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Units)

Table 78. Americas Lairage Equipment Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 79. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (Units)

Table 80. APAC Lairage Equipment Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 81. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Units)

Table 82. Europe Lairage Equipment Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 83. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (Units)

Table 84. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 85. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (Units)

Table 86. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 87. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 88. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 89. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (Units)

Table 90. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 91. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 92. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 93. DGS Basic Information, Lairage Equipment Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 94. DGS Lairage Equipment Product Offered

Table 95. DGS Lairage Equipment Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 96. DGS Main Business

Table 97. DGS Latest Developments

Table 98. Frontmatec Basic Information, Lairage Equipment Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 99. Frontmatec Lairage Equipment Product Offered

Table 100. Frontmatec Lairage Equipment Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 101. Frontmatec Main Business

Table 102. Frontmatec Latest Developments

Table 103. Normandie Stabulation/Baert Basic Information, Lairage Equipment Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 104. Normandie Stabulation/Baert Lairage Equipment Product Offered

Table 105. Normandie Stabulation/Baert Lairage Equipment Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 106. Normandie Stabulation/Baert Main Business

Table 107. Normandie Stabulation/Baert Latest Developments

Table 108. VDZ Basic Information, Lairage Equipment Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 109. VDZ Lairage Equipment Product Offered

Table 110. VDZ Lairage Equipment Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 111. VDZ Main Business

Table 112. VDZ Latest Developments

Table 113. Gerard Muckian Basic Information, Lairage Equipment Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 114. Gerard Muckian Lairage Equipment Product Offered

Table 115. Gerard Muckian Lairage Equipment Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 116. Gerard Muckian Main Business

Table 117. Gerard Muckian Latest Developments

Table 118. Baader Basic Information, Lairage Equipment Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 119. Baader Lairage Equipment Product Offered

Table 120. Baader Lairage Equipment Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 121. Baader Main Business

Table 122. Baader Latest Developments

Table 123. Renner Schlachthaustechnik Basic Information, Lairage Equipment Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 124. Renner Schlachthaustechnik Lairage Equipment Product Offered

Table 125. Renner Schlachthaustechnik Lairage Equipment Sales (Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 126. Renner Schlachthaustechnik Main Business

Table 127. Renner Schlachthaustechnik Latest Developments

List of Figures

Figure 1. Picture of Lairage Equipment

Figure 2. Lairage Equipment Report Years Considered

Figure 3. Research Objectives

Figure 4. Research Methodology

Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source

Figure 6. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Growth Rate 2017-2028 (Units)

Figure 7. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth Rate 2017-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 8. Lairage Equipment Sales by Region (2021 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Figure 9. Product Picture of Livestock

Figure 10. Product Picture of Aquatic Products

Figure 11. Product Picture of Poultry

Figure 12. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 13. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure 14. Lairage Equipment Consumed in Pasture

Figure 15. Global Lairage Equipment Market: Pasture (2017-2022) & (Units)

Figure 16. Lairage Equipment Consumed in Slaughterhouse

Figure 17. Global Lairage Equipment Market: Slaughterhouse (2017-2022) & (Units)

Figure 18. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure 19. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 20. Lairage Equipment Revenue Market by Company in 2021 ($ Million)

Figure 21. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Company in 2021

Figure 22. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Figure 23. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region in 2021

Figure 24. Global Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure 25. Global Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country/Region in 2021

Figure 26. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales 2017-2022 (Units)

Figure 27. Americas Lairage Equipment Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 28. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales 2017-2022 (Units)

Figure 29. APAC Lairage Equipment Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 30. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales 2017-2022 (Units)

Figure 31. Europe Lairage Equipment Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 32. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales 2017-2022 (Units)

Figure 33. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 34. Americas Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 35. Americas Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 36. United States Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 37. Canada Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 38. Mexico Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 39. Brazil Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 40. APAC Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 41. APAC Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021

Figure 42. China Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 43. Japan Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 44. South Korea Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 45. Southeast Asia Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 46. India Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 47. Australia Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 48. Europe Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 49. Europe Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 50. Germany Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 51. France Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 52. UK Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 53. Italy Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 54. Russia Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 55. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 56. Middle East & Africa Lairage Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 57. Egypt Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 58. South Africa Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 59. Israel Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 60. Turkey Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 61. GCC Country Lairage Equipment Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 62. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Lairage Equipment in 2021

Figure 63. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Lairage Equipment

Figure 64. Industry Chain Structure of Lairage Equipment

Figure 65. Channels of Distribution

Figure 66. Distributors Profiles