Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Market Growth 2022-2028

1.1 Market Introduction

1.2 Years Considered

1.3 Research Objectives

1.4 Market Research Methodology

1.5 Research Process and Data Source

1.6 Economic Indicators

1.7 Currency Considered

2 Executive Summary

2.1 World Market Overview

2.1.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Sales 2017-2028

2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for Barcode Digital Level Rods by Geographic Region, 2017, 2022 & 2028

2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Barcode Digital Level Rods by Country/Region, 2017, 2022 & 2028

2.2 Barcode Digital Level Rods Segment by Type

2.2.1 Fiberglass

2.2.2 Aluminum

2.2.3 Other

2.3 Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type

2.3.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.3.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.3.3 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sale Price by Type (2017-2022)

2.4 Barcode Digital Level Rods Segment by Application

2.4.1 Industrial

2.4.2 Military

2.4.3 Commercial

2.4.4 Others

2.5 Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application

2.5.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sale Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

2.5.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

2.5.3 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sale Price by Application (2017-2022)

3 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods by Company

3.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Breakdown Data by Company

3.1.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Sales by Company (2020-2022)

3.1.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

3.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Revenue by Company (2020-2022)

3.2.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Company (2020-2022)

3.2.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

3.3 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sale Price by Company

3.4 Key Manufacturers Barcode Digital Level Rods Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3.4.1 Key Manufacturers Barcode Digital Level Rods Product Location Distribution

3.4.2 Players Barcode Digital Level Rods Products Offered

3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis

3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis

3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants

3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 World Historic Review for Barcode Digital Level Rods by Geographic Region

4.1 World Historic Barcode Digital Level Rods Market Size by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

4.1.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

4.1.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Revenue by Geographic Region

4.2 World Historic Barcode Digital Level Rods Market Size by Country/Region (2017-2022)

4.2.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Sales by Country/Region (2017-2022)

4.2.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Revenue by Country/Region

4.3 Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Growth

4.4 APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Growth

4.5 Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Growth

4.6 Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Growth

5 Americas

5.1 Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country

5.1.1 Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country (2017-2022)

5.1.2 Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

5.2 Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type

5.3 Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application

5.4 United States

5.5 Canada

5.6 Mexico

5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Region

6.1.1 APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Region (2017-2022)

6.1.2 APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Region (2017-2022)

6.2 APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type

6.3 APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application

6.4 China

6.5 Japan

6.6 South Korea

6.7 Southeast Asia

6.8 India

6.9 Australia

6.10 China Taiwan

7 Europe

7.1 Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods by Country

7.1.1 Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country (2017-2022)

7.1.2 Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

7.2 Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type

7.3 Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application

7.4 Germany

7.5 France

7.6 UK

7.7 Italy

7.8 Russia

8 Middle East & Africa

8.1 Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods by Country

8.1.1 Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country (2017-2022)

8.1.2 Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

8.2 Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type

8.3 Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application

8.4 Egypt

8.5 South Africa

8.6 Israel

8.7 Turkey

8.8 GCC Countries

9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities

9.2 Market Challenges & Risks

9.3 Industry Trends

10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis

10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers

10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Barcode Digital Level Rods

10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Barcode Digital Level Rods

10.4 Industry Chain Structure of Barcode Digital Level Rods

11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer

11.1 Sales Channel

11.1.1 Direct Channels

11.1.2 Indirect Channels

11.2 Barcode Digital Level Rods Distributors

11.3 Barcode Digital Level Rods Customer

12 World Forecast Review for Barcode Digital Level Rods by Geographic Region

12.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Market Size Forecast by Region

12.1.1 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

12.1.2 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

12.2 Americas Forecast by Country

12.3 APAC Forecast by Region

12.4 Europe Forecast by Country

12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country

12.6 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Forecast by Type

12.7 Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Forecast by Application

13 Key Players Analysis

13.1 Leica Geosystems Solutions

13.1.1 Leica Geosystems Solutions Company Information

13.1.2 Leica Geosystems Solutions Barcode Digital Level Rods Product Offered

13.1.3 Leica Geosystems Solutions Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.1.4 Leica Geosystems Solutions Main Business Overview

13.1.5 Leica Geosystems Solutions Latest Developments

13.2 Stakemill

13.2.1 Stakemill Company Information

13.2.2 Stakemill Barcode Digital Level Rods Product Offered

13.2.3 Stakemill Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.2.4 Stakemill Main Business Overview

13.2.5 Stakemill Latest Developments

13.3 Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd.

13.3.1 Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Company Information

13.3.2 Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Barcode Digital Level Rods Product Offered

13.3.3 Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.3.4 Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Main Business Overview

13.3.5 Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Latest Developments

14 Research Findings and Conclusion

Table 1. Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Sales CAGR by Geographic Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Table 2. Barcode Digital Level Rods Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Table 3. Major Players of Fiberglass

Table 4. Major Players of Aluminum

Table 5. Major Players of Other

Table 6. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 7. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 8. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & ($ million)

Table 9. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 10. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sale Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)

Table 11. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 12. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 13. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Application (2017-2022)

Table 14. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 15. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sale Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)

Table 16. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Company (2020-2022) & (K Units)

Table 17. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

Table 18. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Company (2020-2022) ($ Millions)

Table 19. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

Table 20. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sale Price by Company (2020-2022) & (USD/Unit)

Table 21. Key Manufacturers Barcode Digital Level Rods Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area

Table 22. Players Barcode Digital Level Rods Products Offered

Table 23. Barcode Digital Level Rods Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

Table 24. New Products and Potential Entrants

Table 25. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Table 26. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Geographic Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 27. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Table 28. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Geographic Region (2017-2022) & ($ millions)

Table 29. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Table 30. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country/Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 31. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2017-2022)

Table 32. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Country/Region (2017-2022) & ($ millions)

Table 33. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2017-2022)

Table 34. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 35. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 36. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 37. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 38. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 39. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 40. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 41. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 42. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 43. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 44. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 45. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 46. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 47. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 48. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 49. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 50. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 51. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 52. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 53. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 54. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 55. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 56. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 57. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 58. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 59. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 60. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 61. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 62. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 63. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 64. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 65. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 66. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Barcode Digital Level Rods

Table 67. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Barcode Digital Level Rods

Table 68. Key Industry Trends of Barcode Digital Level Rods

Table 69. Barcode Digital Level Rods Raw Material

Table 70. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Table 71. Barcode Digital Level Rods Distributors List

Table 72. Barcode Digital Level Rods Customer List

Table 73. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 74. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Forecast by Region

Table 75. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 76. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

Table 77. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 78. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 79. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 80. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 81. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 82. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 83. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 84. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 85. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 86. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 87. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 88. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 89. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 90. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 91. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 92. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 93. Leica Geosystems Solutions Basic Information, Barcode Digital Level Rods Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 94. Leica Geosystems Solutions Barcode Digital Level Rods Product Offered

Table 95. Leica Geosystems Solutions Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 96. Leica Geosystems Solutions Main Business

Table 97. Leica Geosystems Solutions Latest Developments

Table 98. Stakemill Basic Information, Barcode Digital Level Rods Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 99. Stakemill Barcode Digital Level Rods Product Offered

Table 100. Stakemill Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 101. Stakemill Main Business

Table 102. Stakemill Latest Developments

Table 103. Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Basic Information, Barcode Digital Level Rods Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 104. Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Barcode Digital Level Rods Product Offered

Table 105. Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 106. Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Main Business

Table 107. Shanghai Hexin Survey Instrument Company Ltd. Latest Developments

List of Figures

Figure 1. Picture of Barcode Digital Level Rods

Figure 2. Barcode Digital Level Rods Report Years Considered

Figure 3. Research Objectives

Figure 4. Research Methodology

Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source

Figure 6. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)

Figure 7. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth Rate 2017-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 8. Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales by Region (2021 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Figure 9. Product Picture of Fiberglass

Figure 10. Product Picture of Aluminum

Figure 11. Product Picture of Other

Figure 12. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 13. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure 14. Barcode Digital Level Rods Consumed in Industrial

Figure 15. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Market: Industrial (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 16. Barcode Digital Level Rods Consumed in Military

Figure 17. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Market: Military (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 18. Barcode Digital Level Rods Consumed in Commercial

Figure 19. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Market: Commercial (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 20. Barcode Digital Level Rods Consumed in Others

Figure 21. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Market: Others (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 22. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure 23. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 24. Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market by Company in 2021 ($ Million)

Figure 25. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Company in 2021

Figure 26. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Figure 27. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region in 2021

Figure 28. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure 29. Global Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country/Region in 2021

Figure 30. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 31. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 32. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 33. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 34. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 35. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 36. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 37. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 38. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 39. Americas Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 40. United States Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 41. Canada Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 42. Mexico Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 43. Brazil Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 44. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 45. APAC Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021

Figure 46. China Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 47. Japan Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 48. South Korea Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 49. Southeast Asia Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 50. India Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 51. Australia Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 52. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 53. Europe Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 54. Germany Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 55. France Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 56. UK Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 57. Italy Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 58. Russia Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 59. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 60. Middle East & Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 61. Egypt Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 62. South Africa Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 63. Israel Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 64. Turkey Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 65. GCC Country Barcode Digital Level Rods Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 66. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Barcode Digital Level Rods in 2021

Figure 67. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Barcode Digital Level Rods

Figure 68. Industry Chain Structure of Barcode Digital Level Rods

Figure 69. Channels of Distribution

Figure 70. Distributors Profiles