Global Respiratory Medication Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2022-2028

1.1 Market Introduction

1.2 Years Considered

1.3 Research Objectives

1.4 Market Research Methodology

1.5 Research Process and Data Source

1.6 Economic Indicators

1.7 Currency Considered

2 Executive Summary

2.1 World Market Overview

2.1.1 Global Respiratory Medication Market Size 2017-2028

2.1.2 Respiratory Medication Market Size CAGR by Region 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028

2.2 Respiratory Medication Segment by Type

2.2.1 Nasal Spray

2.2.2 Oral

2.2.3 Injection

2.2.4 Others

2.3 Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type

2.3.1 Respiratory Medication Market Size CAGR by Type (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028)

2.3.2 Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.4 Respiratory Medication Segment by Application

2.4.1 Hospital

2.4.2 Clinic

2.4.3 Pharmacy

2.4.4 Others

2.5 Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application

2.5.1 Respiratory Medication Market Size CAGR by Application (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028)

2.5.2 Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

3 Respiratory Medication Market Size by Player

3.1 Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Players

3.1.1 Global Respiratory Medication Revenue by Players (2020-2022)

3.1.2 Global Respiratory Medication Revenue Market Share by Players (2020-2022)

3.2 Global Respiratory Medication Key Players Head office and Products Offered

3.3 Market Concentration Rate Analysis

3.3.1 Competition Landscape Analysis

3.3.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

3.4 New Products and Potential Entrants

3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 Respiratory Medication by Regions

4.1 Respiratory Medication Market Size by Regions (2017-2022)

4.2 Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

4.3 APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

4.4 Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

4.5 Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth (2017-2022)

5 Americas

5.1 Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size by Country (2017-2022)

5.2 Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

5.3 Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

5.4 United States

5.5 Canada

5.6 Mexico

5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size by Region (2017-2022)

6.2 APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

6.3 APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

6.4 China

6.5 Japan

6.6 Korea

6.7 Southeast Asia

6.8 India

6.9 Australia

7 Europe

7.1 Europe Respiratory Medication by Country (2017-2022)

7.2 Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

7.3 Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

7.4 Germany

7.5 France

7.6 UK

7.7 Italy

7.8 Russia

8 Middle East & Africa

8.1 Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication by Region (2017-2022)

8.2 Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022)

8.3 Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022)

8.4 Egypt

8.5 South Africa

8.6 Israel

8.7 Turkey

8.8 GCC Countries

9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities

9.2 Market Challenges & Risks

9.3 Industry Trends

10 Global Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.1 Global Respiratory Medication Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)

10.1.1 Global Respiratory Medication Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)

10.1.2 Americas Respiratory Medication Forecast

10.1.3 APAC Respiratory Medication Forecast

10.1.4 Europe Respiratory Medication Forecast

10.1.5 Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Forecast

10.2 Americas Respiratory Medication Forecast by Country (2023-2028)

10.2.1 United States Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.2.2 Canada Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.2.3 Mexico Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.2.4 Brazil Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.3 APAC Respiratory Medication Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

10.3.1 China Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.3.2 Japan Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.3.3 Korea Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.3.4 Southeast Asia Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.3.5 India Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.3.6 Australia Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.4 Europe Respiratory Medication Forecast by Country (2023-2028)

10.4.1 Germany Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.4.2 France Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.4.3 UK Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.4.4 Italy Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.4.5 Russia Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.5 Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

10.5.1 Egypt Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.5.2 South Africa Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.5.3 Israel Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.5.4 Turkey Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.5.5 GCC Countries Respiratory Medication Market Forecast

10.6 Global Respiratory Medication Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

10.7 Global Respiratory Medication Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

11 Key Players Analysis

11.1 GSK

11.1.1 GSK Company Information

11.1.2 GSK Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.1.3 GSK Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.1.4 GSK Main Business Overview

11.1.5 GSK Latest Developments

11.2 AstraZeneca

11.2.1 AstraZeneca Company Information

11.2.2 AstraZeneca Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.2.3 AstraZeneca Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.2.4 AstraZeneca Main Business Overview

11.2.5 AstraZeneca Latest Developments

11.3 Boehringer Ingelheim

11.3.1 Boehringer Ingelheim Company Information

11.3.2 Boehringer Ingelheim Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.3.3 Boehringer Ingelheim Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.3.4 Boehringer Ingelheim Main Business Overview

11.3.5 Boehringer Ingelheim Latest Developments

11.4 Vertex

11.4.1 Vertex Company Information

11.4.2 Vertex Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.4.3 Vertex Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.4.4 Vertex Main Business Overview

11.4.5 Vertex Latest Developments

11.5 Roche

11.5.1 Roche Company Information

11.5.2 Roche Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.5.3 Roche Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.5.4 Roche Main Business Overview

11.5.5 Roche Latest Developments

11.6 Novartis

11.6.1 Novartis Company Information

11.6.2 Novartis Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.6.3 Novartis Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.6.4 Novartis Main Business Overview

11.6.5 Novartis Latest Developments

11.7 Teva

11.7.1 Teva Company Information

11.7.2 Teva Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.7.3 Teva Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.7.4 Teva Main Business Overview

11.7.5 Teva Latest Developments

11.8 Chiesi

11.8.1 Chiesi Company Information

11.8.2 Chiesi Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.8.3 Chiesi Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.8.4 Chiesi Main Business Overview

11.8.5 Chiesi Latest Developments

11.9 Mylan

11.9.1 Mylan Company Information

11.9.2 Mylan Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.9.3 Mylan Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.9.4 Mylan Main Business Overview

11.9.5 Mylan Latest Developments

11.10 Sumitomo Dainippon

11.10.1 Sumitomo Dainippon Company Information

11.10.2 Sumitomo Dainippon Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.10.3 Sumitomo Dainippon Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.10.4 Sumitomo Dainippon Main Business Overview

11.10.5 Sumitomo Dainippon Latest Developments

11.11 Merck

11.11.1 Merck Company Information

11.11.2 Merck Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.11.3 Merck Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.11.4 Merck Main Business Overview

11.11.5 Merck Latest Developments

11.12 Beximco

11.12.1 Beximco Company Information

11.12.2 Beximco Respiratory Medication Product Offered

11.12.3 Beximco Respiratory Medication Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

11.12.4 Beximco Main Business Overview

11.12.5 Beximco Latest Developments

12 Research Findings and Conclusion

Table 1. Respiratory Medication Market Size CAGR by Region (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 2. Major Players of Nasal Spray

Table 3. Major Players of Oral

Table 4. Major Players of Injection

Table 5. Major Players of Others

Table 6. Respiratory Medication Market Size CAGR by Type (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 7. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 8. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 9. Respiratory Medication Market Size CAGR by Application (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 10. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 11. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 12. Global Respiratory Medication Revenue by Players (2020-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 13. Global Respiratory Medication Revenue Market Share by Player (2020-2022)

Table 14. Respiratory Medication Key Players Head office and Products Offered

Table 15. Respiratory Medication Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

Table 16. New Products and Potential Entrants

Table 17. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Table 18. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size by Regions 2017-2022 & ($ Millions)

Table 19. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Table 20. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 21. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 22. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 23. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 24. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 25. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 26. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 27. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 28. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 29. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 30. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 31. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 32. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 33. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 34. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 35. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 36. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 37. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 38. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 39. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 40. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size by Type (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 41. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 42. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size by Application (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 43. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 44. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Respiratory Medication

Table 45. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Respiratory Medication

Table 46. Key Industry Trends of Respiratory Medication

Table 47. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Forecast by Regions (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 48. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)

Table 49. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 50. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 51. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 52. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 53. GSK Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 54. GSK Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 55. GSK Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 56. GSK Main Business

Table 57. GSK Latest Developments

Table 58. AstraZeneca Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 59. AstraZeneca Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 60. AstraZeneca Main Business

Table 61. AstraZeneca Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 62. AstraZeneca Latest Developments

Table 63. Boehringer Ingelheim Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 64. Boehringer Ingelheim Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 65. Boehringer Ingelheim Main Business

Table 66. Boehringer Ingelheim Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 67. Boehringer Ingelheim Latest Developments

Table 68. Vertex Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 69. Vertex Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 70. Vertex Main Business

Table 71. Vertex Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 72. Vertex Latest Developments

Table 73. Roche Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 74. Roche Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 75. Roche Main Business

Table 76. Roche Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 77. Roche Latest Developments

Table 78. Novartis Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 79. Novartis Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 80. Novartis Main Business

Table 81. Novartis Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 82. Novartis Latest Developments

Table 83. Teva Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 84. Teva Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 85. Teva Main Business

Table 86. Teva Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 87. Teva Latest Developments

Table 88. Chiesi Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 89. Chiesi Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 90. Chiesi Main Business

Table 91. Chiesi Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 92. Chiesi Latest Developments

Table 93. Mylan Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 94. Mylan Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 95. Mylan Main Business

Table 96. Mylan Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 97. Mylan Latest Developments

Table 98. Sumitomo Dainippon Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 99. Sumitomo Dainippon Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 100. Sumitomo Dainippon Main Business

Table 101. Sumitomo Dainippon Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 102. Sumitomo Dainippon Latest Developments

Table 103. Merck Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 104. Merck Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 105. Merck Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 106. Merck Main Business

Table 107. Merck Latest Developments

Table 108. Beximco Details, Company Type, Respiratory Medication Area Served and Its Competitors

Table 109. Beximco Respiratory Medication Product Offered

Table 110. Beximco Main Business

Table 111. Beximco Respiratory Medication Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2022)

Table 112. Beximco Latest Developments

List of Figures

Figure 1. Respiratory Medication Report Years Considered

Figure 2. Research Objectives

Figure 3. Research Methodology

Figure 4. Research Process and Data Source

Figure 5. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 6. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 7. Respiratory Medication in Hospital

Figure 8. Global Respiratory Medication Market: Hospital (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Figure 9. Respiratory Medication in Clinic

Figure 10. Global Respiratory Medication Market: Clinic (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Figure 11. Respiratory Medication in Pharmacy

Figure 12. Global Respiratory Medication Market: Pharmacy (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Figure 13. Respiratory Medication in Others

Figure 14. Global Respiratory Medication Market: Others (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Figure 15. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 16. Global Respiratory Medication Revenue Market Share by Player in 2021

Figure 17. Global Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)

Figure 18. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 19. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 20. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 21. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 22. Americas Respiratory Medication Value Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 23. Americas Respiratory Medication Consumption Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 24. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 25. United States Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 26. Canada Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 27. Mexico Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 28. Brazil Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 29. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 30. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 31. China Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 32. Japan Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 33. Korea Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 34. Southeast Asia Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 35. India Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 36. Australia Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 37. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 38. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 39. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 40. Germany Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 41. France Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 42. UK Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 43. Italy Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 44. Russia Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 45. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 46. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 47. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 48. Egypt Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 49. South Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 50. Israel Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 51. Turkey Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 52. GCC Country Respiratory Medication Market Size Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 53. Americas Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 54. APAC Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 55. Europe Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 56. Middle East & Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 57. United States Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 58. Canada Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 59. Mexico Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 60. Brazil Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 61. China Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 62. Japan Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 63. Korea Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 64. Southeast Asia Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 65. India Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 66. Australia Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 67. Germany Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 68. France Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 69. UK Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 70. Italy Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 71. Russia Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 72. Spain Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 73. Egypt Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 74. South Africa Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 75. Israel Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 76. Turkey Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 77. GCC Countries Respiratory Medication Market Size 2023-2028 ($ Millions)