Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Research Report with Opportunities and Strategies to Boost Growth- COVID-19 Impact and Recovery

1 Market Overview

1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics

1.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Size

1.3 Market Segmentation

1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis

1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics

2.1 Market Drivers

2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges

2.3 Emerging Market Trends

2.4 Impact of COVID-19

2.4.1 Short-term Impact

2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment

3.1 Supply Chain Analysis

3.2 Industry Active Participants

3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials

3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers

3.3 Alternative Analysis

3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape

4.1 Industry Leading Players

4.2 Industry News

4.2.1 Key Product Launch News

4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies

5.1 Samsung Electro- Mechanic

5.1.1 Samsung Electro- Mechanic Company Profile

5.1.2 Samsung Electro- Mechanic Business Overview

5.1.3 Samsung Electro- Mechanic Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.1.4 Samsung Electro- Mechanic Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.2 NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling

5.2.1 NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Company Profile

5.2.2 NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Business Overview

5.2.3 NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.2.4 NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.3 Clearink Display

5.3.1 Clearink Display Company Profile

5.3.2 Clearink Display Business Overview

5.3.3 Clearink Display Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.3.4 Clearink Display Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.4 Pricer

5.4.1 Pricer Company Profile

5.4.2 Pricer Business Overview

5.4.3 Pricer Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.4.4 Pricer Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.5 Displaydata

5.5.1 Displaydata Company Profile

5.5.2 Displaydata Business Overview

5.5.3 Displaydata Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.5.4 Displaydata Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.6 Diebold Nixdorf

5.6.1 Diebold Nixdorf Company Profile

5.6.2 Diebold Nixdorf Business Overview

5.6.3 Diebold Nixdorf Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.6.4 Diebold Nixdorf Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.7 SES-imagotag

5.7.1 SES-imagotag Company Profile

5.7.2 SES-imagotag Business Overview

5.7.3 SES-imagotag Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.7.4 SES-imagotag Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.8 Altieer

5.8.1 Altieer Company Profile

5.8.2 Altieer Business Overview

5.8.3 Altieer Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.8.4 Altieer Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.9 E Ink Holdings

5.9.1 E Ink Holdings Company Profile

5.9.2 E Ink Holdings Business Overview

5.9.3 E Ink Holdings Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.9.4 E Ink Holdings Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

5.10 Opticon Sensors Europe

5.10.1 Opticon Sensors Europe Company Profile

5.10.2 Opticon Sensors Europe Business Overview

5.10.3 Opticon Sensors Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

5.10.4 Opticon Sensors Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types

6.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.1.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.1.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)

6.1.3 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Price by Types (2015-2020)

6.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)

6.2.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

6.2.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)

6.3 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)

6.3.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Price and Growth Rate of LCD

6.3.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Segmented E-Paper

6.3.3 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Full-Graphic E-Paper

6.4 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)

6.4.1 LCD Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

6.4.2 Segmented E-Paper Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

6.4.3 Full-Graphic E-Paper Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications

7.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

7.1.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

7.1.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)

7.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

7.2.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)

7.2.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)

7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)

7.3.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Hypermarkets (2015-2020)

7.3.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Supermarkets (2015-2020)

7.3.3 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Non-Food Retail Stores (2015-2020)

7.3.4 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Specialty Stores (2015-2020)

7.3.5 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)

7.4 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)

7.4.1 Hypermarkets Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7.4.2 Supermarkets Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7.4.3 Non-Food Retail Stores Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7.4.4 Specialty Stores Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7.4.5 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions

8.1 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

8.2 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

8.3 Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis

9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

9.2 North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

9.3 North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

9.4 North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast

9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

9.6 North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis by Country

9.6.1 U.S. Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

9.6.2 Canada Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

9.6.3 Mexico Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis

10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

10.2 Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

10.3 Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

10.4 Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast

10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

10.6 Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis by Country

10.6.1 Germany Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

10.6.2 United Kingdom Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

10.6.3 France Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

10.6.4 Italy Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

10.6.5 Spain Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

10.6.6 Russia Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis

11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

11.2 Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

11.3 Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

11.4 Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast

11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

11.6 Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis by Country

11.6.1 China Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

11.6.2 Japan Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

11.6.3 South Korea Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

11.6.4 Australia Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

11.6.5 India Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis

12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

12.2 South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

12.3 South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

12.4 South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast

12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

12.6 South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis by Country

12.6.1 Brazil Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

12.6.2 Argentina Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

12.6.3 Columbia Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis

13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis

13.2 Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

13.3 Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

13.4 Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast

13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

13.6 Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Analysis by Country

13.6.1 UAE Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

13.6.2 Egypt Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

13.6.3 South Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations

14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects

14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix

15.1 Methodology

15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025

Table Electronic Shelf Label System Key Market Segments

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020

Table SWOT Analysis

Figure Global COVID-19 Status

Figure Supply Chain

Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Electronic Shelf Label System

Table Major Players Revenue in 2019

Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019

Table Samsung Electro- Mechanic Company Profile

Table Samsung Electro- Mechanic Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Samsung Electro- Mechanic Production and Growth Rate

Figure Samsung Electro- Mechanic Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Company Profile

Table NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Production and Growth Rate

Figure NZ Electronic Shelf Labelling Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Clearink Display Company Profile

Table Clearink Display Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Clearink Display Production and Growth Rate

Figure Clearink Display Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Pricer Company Profile

Table Pricer Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Pricer Production and Growth Rate

Figure Pricer Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Displaydata Company Profile

Table Displaydata Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Displaydata Production and Growth Rate

Figure Displaydata Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Diebold Nixdorf Company Profile

Table Diebold Nixdorf Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Diebold Nixdorf Production and Growth Rate

Figure Diebold Nixdorf Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table SES-imagotag Company Profile

Table SES-imagotag Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure SES-imagotag Production and Growth Rate

Figure SES-imagotag Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Altieer Company Profile

Table Altieer Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Altieer Production and Growth Rate

Figure Altieer Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table E Ink Holdings Company Profile

Table E Ink Holdings Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure E Ink Holdings Production and Growth Rate

Figure E Ink Holdings Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Opticon Sensors Europe Company Profile

Table Opticon Sensors Europe Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)

Figure Opticon Sensors Europe Production and Growth Rate

Figure Opticon Sensors Europe Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)

Figure Global LCD Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global LCD Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Segmented E-Paper Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Segmented E-Paper Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Full-Graphic E-Paper Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Full-Graphic E-Paper Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of LCD (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of LCD (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Segmented E-Paper (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Segmented E-Paper (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Full-Graphic E-Paper (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Full-Graphic E-Paper (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)

Figure Global Hypermarkets Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Hypermarkets Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Supermarkets Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Supermarkets Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Non-Food Retail Stores Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Non-Food Retail Stores Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Specialty Stores Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Specialty Stores Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Hypermarkets (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Hypermarkets (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Supermarkets (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Supermarkets (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Non-Food Retail Stores (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Non-Food Retail Stores (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Specialty Stores (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Specialty Stores (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

Figure Global Electronic Shelf Label System Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)

Table Global Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)

Figure North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure North America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure North America COVID-19 Status

Figure U.S. Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Canada Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Mexico Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Europe Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Europe COVID-19 Status

Figure Germany Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure United Kingdom Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure France Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Italy Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Spain Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Russia Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Asia-Pacific Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status

Figure China Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Japan Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Korea Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Australia Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure India Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure South America Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure Brazil Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Argentina Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Columbia Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)

Figure Middle East and Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)

Figure UAE Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure Egypt Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

Figure South Africa Electronic Shelf Label System Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)