Data Center Air Conditioners Market Research: Global Status & Forecast by Geography, Type & Application (2017-2027)

1 Industrial Chain Overview

1.1 Data Center Air Conditioners Industry

1.1.1 Overview

Figure Data Center Air Conditioners Picture List

1.1.2 Characteristics of Data Center Air Conditioners

1.2 Upstream

1.2.1 Major Materials

1.2.2 Manufacturing Overview

1.3 Product List By Type

1.3.1 Water Cooling Type

1.3.2 Wind Cooling Type

1.4 End-Use List

1.4.1 Demand in IT Company

1.4.2 Demand in BFSI

1.4.3 Demand in Educational Institution

1.4.4 Demand in Government

1.4.5 Demand in Others

1.5 Global Market Overview

1.5.1 Global Market Size and Forecast, 2017-2027

Figure Global Market Size and Forecast with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

1.5.2 Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with CAGR, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

1.5.3 Global Market Size and Forecast by Product Type with CAGR, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

1.5.4 Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with CAGR, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

2 Global Production & Consumption by Geography

2.1 Global Production & Consumption

2.1.1 Global Production

Figure Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.1.2 Global Consumption

Figure Global Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2 Geographic Production & Consumption

2.2.1 Production

2.2.1.1 Asia-Pacific

Figure Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.1.2 North America

Figure North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.1.3 South America

Figure South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.1.4 Europe

Figure Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.1.5 Middle East & Africa

Figure Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.2 Consumption

2.2.2.1 Asia-Pacific

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.2.2 North America

Figure North America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure North America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.2.3 South America

Figure South America Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure South America Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.2.4 Europe

Figure Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

2.2.2.5 Middle East & Africa

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

3 Major Manufacturers Introduction

3.1 Manufacturers Overview

Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information

Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021

3.2 Manufacturers List

3.2.1 Vertiv Overview

Table Vertiv Overview List

3.2.1.1 Product Specifications

3.2.1.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Vertiv (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.1.3 Recent Developments

3.2.1.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.2 Envicool Overview

Table Envicool Overview List

3.2.2.1 Product Specifications

3.2.2.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Envicool (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.2.3 Recent Developments

3.2.2.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.3 Canatal Overview

Table Canatal Overview List

3.2.3.1 Product Specifications

3.2.3.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Canatal (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.3.3 Recent Developments

3.2.3.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.4 Airsys Overview

Table Airsys Overview List

3.2.4.1 Product Specifications

3.2.4.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Airsys (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.4.3 Recent Developments

3.2.4.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.5 YMK Overview

Table YMK Overview List

3.2.5.1 Product Specifications

3.2.5.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of YMK (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.5.3 Recent Developments

3.2.5.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.6 Gree Overview

Table Gree Overview List

3.2.6.1 Product Specifications

3.2.6.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Gree (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.6.3 Recent Developments

3.2.6.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.7 Guangdong Shenling Overview

Table Guangdong Shenling Overview List

3.2.7.1 Product Specifications

3.2.7.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Guangdong Shenling (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.7.3 Recent Developments

3.2.7.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.8 Stulz Overview

Table Stulz Overview List

3.2.8.1 Product Specifications

3.2.8.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Stulz (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.8.3 Recent Developments

3.2.8.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.9 Renovoair Overview

Table Renovoair Overview List

3.2.9.1 Product Specifications

3.2.9.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Renovoair (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.9.3 Recent Developments

3.2.9.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.10 Hisense Overview

Table Hisense Overview List

3.2.10.1 Product Specifications

3.2.10.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Hisense (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.10.3 Recent Developments

3.2.10.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.11 Guangdong Jirong Overview

Table Guangdong Jirong Overview List

3.2.11.1 Product Specifications

3.2.11.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Guangdong Jirong (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.11.3 Recent Developments

3.2.11.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.12 ITeaQ Overview

Table ITeaQ Overview List

3.2.12.1 Product Specifications

3.2.12.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of ITeaQ (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.12.3 Recent Developments

3.2.12.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.13 Blackshields Overview

Table Blackshields Overview List

3.2.13.1 Product Specifications

3.2.13.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Blackshields (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.13.3 Recent Developments

3.2.13.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.14 Uniflair Overview

Table Uniflair Overview List

3.2.14.1 Product Specifications

3.2.14.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Uniflair (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.14.3 Recent Developments

3.2.14.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.15 Euroklimat Overview

Table Euroklimat Overview List

3.2.15.1 Product Specifications

3.2.15.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Euroklimat (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.15.3 Recent Developments

3.2.15.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.16 Mitsubishi Electric Overview

Table Mitsubishi Electric Overview List

3.2.16.1 Product Specifications

3.2.16.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Mitsubishi Electric (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.16.3 Recent Developments

3.2.16.4 Future Strategic Planning

3.2.17 EATON Overview

Table EATON Overview List

3.2.17.1 Product Specifications

3.2.17.2 Business Data (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Margin)

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of EATON (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

3.2.17.3 Recent Developments

3.2.17.4 Future Strategic Planning

4 Market Competition Pattern

4.1 Market Size and Sketch

Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Market Size and Growth Rate, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Competition Sketch Overview

4.2 Company Market Share

4.2.1 Global Production by Major Manufacturers

Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Figure Global Production Volume Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Figure Global Production Amount Share by Manufacturers in 2021, in Million USD

4.2.2 Market Concentration Analysis

4.3 Market News and Trend

4.3.1 Merger & Acquisition

4.3.2 New Product Launch

5 Product Type Segment

5.1 Global Overview by Product Type Segment

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

5.2 Segment Subdivision by Product Type

5.2.1 Market in Water Cooling Type

5.2.1.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water Cooling Type, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Water Cooling Type, 2017-2021, in Volume

5.2.1.2 Situation & Development

5.2.2 Market in Wind Cooling Type

5.2.2.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Wind Cooling Type, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Wind Cooling Type, 2017-2021, in Volume

5.2.2.2 Situation & Development

6 End-Use Segment

6.1 Global Overview by End-Use Segment

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

6.2 Segment Subdivision

6.2.1 Market in IT Company

6.2.1.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in IT Company, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in IT Company, 2017-2021, in Volume

6.2.1.2 Situation & Development

6.2.2 Market in BFSI

6.2.2.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in BFSI, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in BFSI, 2017-2021, in Volume

6.2.2.2 Situation & Development

6.2.3 Market in Educational Institution

6.2.3.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Educational Institution, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Educational Institution, 2017-2021, in Volume

6.2.3.2 Situation & Development

6.2.4 Market in Government

6.2.4.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Government, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Government, 2017-2021, in Volume

6.2.4.2 Situation & Development

6.2.5 Market in Others

6.2.5.1 Market Size

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2017-2021, in USD Million

Figure Global Market Amount and Growth Rate in Others, 2017-2021, in Volume

6.2.5.2 Situation & Development

7 Market Forecast & Trend

7.1 Regional Forecast

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

7.2 Consumption Forecast

7.2.1 Product Type Forecast

Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

7.2.2 End-Use Forecast

Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

7.3 Investment Trend

7.4 Consumption Trend

8 Price & Channel

8.1 Price and Cost

8.1.1 Price

8.1.2 Cost

Figure Cost Component Ratio

8.2 Channel Segment

9 Market Drivers & Investment Environment

9.1 Market Drivers

9.2 Investment Environment

9.3 Impact of Coronavirus on the Data Center Air Conditioners Industry

9.3.1 Impact on Industry Upstream

9.3.2 Impact on Industry Downstream

9.3.3 Impact on Industry Channels

9.3.4 Impact on Industry Competition

9.3.5 Impact on Industry Employment

10 Research Conclusion

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Geography with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by Type with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

Table Global Market Size and Forecast by End-Use with Growth Rate, 2017-2027

Table Global Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Amount and Growth Rate by Geography, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Asia-Pacific Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Asia-Pacific Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Production Volume Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Production Amount Status and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Asia-Pacific Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Asia-Pacific Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table North America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table North America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table South America Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table South America Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Europe Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Europe Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Middle East & Africa Market Volume and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Middle East & Africa Market Amount and Growth Rate by Region, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Major Manufacturers Headquarters and Contact Information

Table Major Manufacturers Capacity List in 2021

Table Vertiv Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Vertiv (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Envicool Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Envicool (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Canatal Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Canatal (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Airsys Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Airsys (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table YMK Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of YMK (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Gree Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Gree (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Guangdong Shenling Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Guangdong Shenling (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Stulz Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Stulz (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Renovoair Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Renovoair (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Hisense Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Hisense (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Guangdong Jirong Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Guangdong Jirong (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table ITeaQ Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of ITeaQ (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Blackshields Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Blackshields (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Uniflair Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Uniflair (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Euroklimat Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Euroklimat (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Mitsubishi Electric Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of Mitsubishi Electric (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table EATON Overview List

Table Data Center Air Conditioners Business Operation of EATON (Production Volume (Volume), Production Amount (Million USD), Price, Cost, Gross Margin)

Table Global Production Volume List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Volume Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Production Amount List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Production Amount Share List by Manufacturers, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by Product Type Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment, 2017-2021, in Million USD

Table Global Market Status and Growth Rate by End-Use Segment 2017-2021, in Volume

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Forecast by Region Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

Table Global Market Amount by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by Product Type Segment 2022-2027, in Volume

Table Global Market Amount by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Million USD

Table Global Market Volume by End-Use Segment 2022-2027, in Volume