Request for Covid-19 Impact Assessment of this Report
Key trend which will predominantly effect the market in coming year is increasing demand for intellectual property protection and majority of the companies retain their IP in order to sustain the global enterprise competition. IP Assets are valuable and flexible key assets for creating and sustaining enterprise competition. Globalization and trade liberalization have made most it significant for all enterprises including SMEs become competitive on intercontinental platform even if the company is operating in the domestic market only limited to a single country.
The global Enterprise IP Management Software market for the end-user industries is fragmented into BFSI, Information & Technology, automotive, aerospace & defense, research institutes and others. The segmentation is based upon need for enterprise IP management software to improve intellectual property search, analytics and protection of intellectual properties. Information & Technology in the enterprise IP management software market have acquired the biggest share in 2016, followed by pharmaceuticals, Automotive, Research Institutes and Aerospace and defense. Information & Technology industry is the industry that initiates innovations. In the year 2014 tech companies accredited majority patents, which was more than 300,000 utility patents. The IT industries are estimated to further increase at a significant growth rate during the forecast period of 2017 - 2025.
The overall market size has been derived using both primary and secondary source. The research process begins with an exhaustive secondary research using internal and external sources to obtain qualitative and quantitative information related to the market. Also, primary interview were conducted with industry participants and commentators in order to validate data and analysis. The participants who typically take part in such a process include industry expert such as VPs, business development managers, market intelligence managers and national sales managers, and external consultant such as valuation experts, research analysts and key opinion leaders specializing in the Enterprise IP Management Software industry.
1.1 List of Tables 10
1.2 List of Figures 12
2 Introduction 17
2.1 Scope of the Study 17
2.2 The Insight Partners Research Report Guidance 17
3 Key Takeaways 19
4 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - Key Industry Dynamics 22
4.1 Market Overview 22
4.2 Market Segmentation 23
4.2.1 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - by Types 24
4.2.2 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - by Services 25
4.2.3 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - by End-user 25
4.2.4 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - by Geography 25
4.3 PEST Analysis 27
4.3.1 North America PEST Analysis 27
4.3.2 Europe PEST Analysis 30
4.3.3 Asia Pacific PEST Analysis 32
4.3.4 Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis 34
4.3.5 South America PEST Analysis 37
5 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - Key Industry Dynamics 40
5.1 Key Market Drivers 40
5.1.1 Retention of Intellectual Property to sustain in global enterprise competition 40
5.1.2 Rising need of protection of IP assets from duplicity and burglary 40
5.1.3 Government encouragement to generate and protect competitive intellectual assets 41
5.2 Key Market Restraints 42
5.2.1 Lack of skilled professionals 42
5.2.2 High initial cost 42
5.3 Key Market Opporunities 43
5.3.1 Rising number of new channels of delivery 43
5.3.2 Increasing consumer-driven demand 43
5.4 Future Trends 44
5.4.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) implementation to improve data quality 44
5.4.2 IP Management transition towards cloud storage 44
5.5 Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints 45
6 Enterprise IP Management Software Market - Global 46
6.1 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Overview 46
6.2 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Forecast and Analysis 46
7 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Analysis - by Types 48
7.1 Overview 48
7.1 Trademark IP Management Software 50
7.1.1 Overview 50
7.1.2 Global Trademark IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 50
7.2 Patent IP Management Software 52
7.2.1 Overview 52
7.2.2 Global Patent IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 52
7.3 Copyright IP Management Software 53
7.3.1 Overview 53
7.3.2 Global Copyright IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 53
7.4 Design IP Management Software 54
7.4.1 Overview 54
7.4.2 Global Design IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 54
7.5 Litigation IP Management Software 55
7.5.1 Overview 55
7.5.2 Global Litigation IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 55
7.6 Other IP Management Software 57
7.6.1 Overview 57
7.6.2 Global Other IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 57
8 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Analysis - by Services 58
8.1 Overview 58
8.2 Consulting 59
8.2.1 Overview 59
8.2.2 Global Consulting Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 59
8.3 Implementation Services 61
8.3.1 Overview 61
8.3.2 Global Implementation Services Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 61
8.4 Support & Maintenance 62
8.4.1 Overview 62
8.4.2 Global Support & Maintenance Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 62
9 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Analysis - by End-users 64
9.1 Overview 64
9.2 BSFI 66
9.2.1 Overview 66
9.2.2 Global BFSI Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 67
9.3 Pharmaceutical 68
9.3.1 Overview 68
9.3.2 Global Pharmaceutical Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 68
9.4 Automotive 70
9.4.1 Overview 70
9.4.2 Global Automotive Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 70
9.5 Aerospace and Defence 72
9.5.1 Overview 72
9.5.2 Global Aerospace and Defense Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 72
9.6 Information & Technology Enterprises 73
9.6.1 Overview 73
9.6.2 Global Information & Technology Enterprise Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 74
9.7 Research Institutes 74
9.7.1 Overview 74
9.7.2 Global Research Institutes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 75
9.8 Others 75
9.8.1 Overview 75
9.8.2 Global Others Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 76
10 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - Geographical Analysis 77
10.1 Overview 77
10.2 North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 78
10.2.1 Overview 78
10.2.2 North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 79
10.2.3 North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries 79
10.2.3.1 U.S. Enterprise Intellectual IP Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 81
10.2.3.2 Canada Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 82
10.2.3.3 Mexico Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 83
10.2.4 North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types 84
10.2.5 North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services 85
10.2.6 North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-User 86
10.3 Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 88
10.3.1 Overview 88
10.3.2 Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 88
10.3.3 Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries 90
10.3.3.1 France Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 91
10.3.3.2 Germany Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 92
10.3.3.3 Italy Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 93
10.3.3.4 Spain Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 94
10.3.3.5 U.K Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 95
10.3.4 Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types 96
10.3.5 Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Application 97
10.3.6 Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-User 98
10.4 Asia Pacific (APAC) Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 100
10.4.1 Overview 100
10.4.2 Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 101
10.4.3 Asia Pacific Enterprise IP management software Market Breakdown by Key Countries 103
10.4.3.1 Japan Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 104
10.4.3.2 China Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 105
10.4.3.3 India Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 106
10.4.3.4 Australia Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 108
10.4.4 Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types 110
10.4.5 Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services 111
10.4.6 Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-user 112
10.5 Middle East & Africa (MEA) Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 114
10.5.1 Overview 114
10.5.2 Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 115
10.5.3 Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries 116
10.5.3.1 Saudi Arabia Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 117
10.5.3.2 UAE Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 118
10.5.3.3 South Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 119
10.5.4 Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types 120
10.5.5 Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services 121
10.5.6 Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-user 122
10.6 South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 125
10.6.1 Overview 125
10.6.2 South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 125
10.6.3 South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries 127
10.6.3.1 Brazil Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 128
10.6.4 South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Type 129
10.6.5 South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services 131
10.6.6 South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-user 132
11 Industry Landscape 134
11.1 Market Initative 134
11.2 Merger and Acquisition 134
11.3 New Development 135
11.4 New Development 135
12 Competitive Landscape 136
12.1 Competitive Product Mapping 136
12.2 Market Positioning 137
13 Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market - Key Company Profiles 138
13.1 Anaqua, Inc. 138
13.1.1 Key Facts 138
13.1.2 Business Description 138
13.1.3 Financial Overview 139
13.1.4 SWOT Analysis 139
13.1.5 Key Developments 141
13.2 Cardinal IP 142
13.2.1 Key Facts 142
13.2.2 Business Description 142
13.2.3 Financial Overview 142
13.2.4 SWOT Analysis 143
13.2.5 Key Developments 144
13.3 CPA Global Limited 145
13.3.1 Key Facts 145
13.3.2 Business Description 145
13.3.3 Financial Overview 145
13.3.4 SWOT Analysis 146
13.3.5 Key Developments 148
13.4 FlexTrac 150
13.4.1 Key Facts 150
13.4.2 Business Description 150
13.4.3 Financial Overview 151
13.4.4 SWOT Analysis 151
13.4.5 Key Developments 152
13.5 Gridlogics 153
13.5.1 Key Facts 153
13.5.2 Business Description 153
13.5.3 Financial Overview 153
13.5.4 SWOT Analysis 154
13.5.5 Key Developments 155
13.6 IP Folio 157
13.6.1 Key Facts 157
13.6.2 Business Description 157
13.6.3 Financial Overview 157
13.6.4 SWOT Analysis 158
13.6.5 Key Developments 159
13.7 Leocorpio 160
13.7.1 Key Facts 160
13.7.2 Business Description 160
13.7.3 Financial Overview 160
13.7.4 SWOT Analysis 161
13.7.5 Key Developments 162
13.8 Patrix AB 164
13.8.1 Key Facts 164
13.8.2 Business Description 164
13.8.3 Financial Overview 164
13.8.4 SWOT Analysis 165
13.8.5 Key Developments 166
13.9 PatSnap 167
13.9.1 Key Facts 167
13.9.2 Business Description 167
13.9.3 Financial Overview 167
13.9.4 SWOT Analysis 168
13.9.5 Key Developments 169
13.1 WebTMS. 171
13.10.1 Key Facts 171
13.10.2 Business Description 171
13.10.3 Financial Overview 171
13.10.4 SWOT Analysis 172
13.10.5 Key Developments 173
14 Appendix 174
14.1 About The Insight Partners 174
14.2 Glossary of Terms 175
14.3 Methodology 177
14.3.1 Coverage 177
14.3.2 Secondary Research 177
14.3.3 Primary Research 178
14.4 Contact Us 179
14.5 Disclaimer 179
List of Tables
Table 1: Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 47
Table 2: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Types (US$ Mn) 84
Table 3: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Services (US$ Mn) 86
Table 4: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by End-User (US$ Mn) 87
Table 5: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Type (US$ Mn) 96
Table 6: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Service (US$ Mn) 97
Table 7: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by End User (US$ Mn) 98
Table 8: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Types (US$ Mn) 110
Table 9: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Services (US$ Mn) 111
Table 10: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by End-user (US$ Mn) 113
Table 11: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Types (US$ Mn) 120
Table 12: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Services (US$ Mn) 122
Table 13: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP management software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by End-user Verticals (US$ Mn) 123
Table 14: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Types (US$ Mn) 130
Table 15: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by Services (US$ Mn) 131
Table 16: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 - by End-user (US$ Mn) 133
Table 17: Glossary of Terms, Enterprise IP Management Software Market 175
List of Figures
Figure 1: China Enterprise IP Management Software, Market Revenue (US$ Mn), 2016 & 2025 19
Figure 2: Trademark IP Management Software, Global Revenue (US$ Mn), 2016 & 2025 20
Figure 3: Information Technology Enterprise IP Management Software Market, Global Revenue (US$ Mn), 2016 & 2025 21
Figure 4: Enterprise IP Management Software Market Segmentation 23
Figure 5: Enterprise IP Management Software Market Segmentation 24
Figure 6: North America PEST Analysis 27
Figure 7: Europe PEST Analysis 30
Figure 8: APAC PEST Analysis 32
Figure 9: MEA PEST Analysis 34
Figure 10: SAM PEST Analysis 37
Figure 11: Enterprise IP Management Software Market Impact Analysis of Driver and Restraints 45
Figure 12: Global Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Bn) 47
Figure 13: Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types, 2016 & 2025 (%) 49
Figure 14: Global Trademark IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 51
Figure 15: Global Patent IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 53
Figure 16: Global Copyright IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 54
Figure 17: Global Design IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 55
Figure 18: Global Litigation IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 56
Figure 19: Global Others IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 57
Figure 20: Global Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services, 2016 & 2025 (%) 58
Figure 21: Global Consulting Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 60
Figure 22: Global Implementation Services Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 62
Figure 23: Global Support & Maintenance Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 63
Figure 24: Global Enterprise Intellectual Property Management Software Market Breakdown by End-users, 2015 & 2025 (%) 64
Figure 25: Global BFSI Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 67
Figure 26: Global Pharmaceutical Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 68
Figure 27: Global Automotive Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 70
Figure 28: Global Automotive Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 72
Figure 29: Global Information & Technology Enterprises Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 74
Figure 30: Global Research Institutes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 75
Figure 31: Global Research Institutes Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 76
Figure 32: Enterprise IP Management Software Market, Global Breakdown by Regions, 2016 & 2025 (%) 77
Figure 33: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 79
Figure 34: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2016 & 2025(%) 80
Figure 35: US Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 81
Figure 36: Canada Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 82
Figure 37: Mexico Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 83
Figure 38: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Type, 2016 & 2025 (%) 84
Figure 39: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services, 2016 & 2025 (%) 85
Figure 40: North America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-User, 2016 & 2025 (%) 86
Figure 41: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 89
Figure 42: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2016 & 2025 (%) 90
Figure 43: France Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 91
Figure 44: Germany Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 92
Figure 45: Italy Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 93
Figure 46: Spain Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 94
Figure 47: U.K Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 95
Figure 48: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types, 2016 & 2025 (%) 96
Figure 49: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Service, 2016 & 2025 (%) 97
Figure 50: Europe Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-User, 2016 & 2025 (%) 98
Figure 51: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 102
Figure 52: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2016 & 2025 (%) 103
Figure 53: Japan Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 104
Figure 54: China Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 105
Figure 55: India Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 106
Figure 56: Australia Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 108
Figure 57: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types, 2016 & 2025 (%) 110
Figure 58: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services, 2016 & 2025 (%) 111
Figure 59: Asia Pacific Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-user, 2016 & 2025 (%) 112
Figure 60: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 115
Figure 61: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2016 & 2025 (%) 116
Figure 62: Saudi Arabia Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 117
Figure 63: UAE Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 118
Figure 64: South Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 119
Figure 65: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Types, 2016 & 2025 (%) 120
Figure 66: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services, 2016 & 2025 (%) 121
Figure 67: Middle East & Africa Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-user, 2016 & 2025 (%) 123
Figure 68: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 126
Figure 69: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Key Countries, 2016 & 2025 (%) 127
Figure 70: Brazil Enterprise IP Management Software Market Revenue and Forecasts to 2025 (US$ Mn) 128
Figure 71: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Type, 2016 & 2025 (%) 129
Figure 72: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by Services, 2016 & 2025 (%) 131
Figure 73: South America Enterprise IP Management Software Market Breakdown by End-user, 2016 & 2025 (%) 132
Figure 74: Enterprise IP Management Software Market Competitive Product Mapping 13
The netbook sales in India have been growing strongly with major demand from the home segment. Personal computer market is expected to grow as the economy is recovering from the recession. The newest addition to this consumer product group is notebooks and netbooks. However, it has been seen that there is no clear demarcation between inexpensive notebook and netbook as an upgraded version of a net...
The Online Movie Rental market in India is at a nascent stage. The market is estimated at INR 601 mn in 2008 and shows huge potential due to a large untapped consumer base. The changing perceptions of people towards entertainment along with a rise in their disposable income and internet usage have driven the market. The report begins with a market overview section that provides an insight into t...
Local search market in India is a common platform for advertising used by business entities. It has an offline and an online category. Local search space provides a platform to the small and medium scale enterprises to advertise with regards to their products and services through local search engines and print directories such as yellow pages. The report begins with the market overview section wh...