Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Professional Survey Report 2017

Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Professional Survey Report 2017

1 Industry Overview of Visible Light Communication Equipments

1.1 Definition and Specifications of Visible Light Communication Equipments

1.1.1 Definition of Visible Light Communication Equipments

1.1.2 Specifications of Visible Light Communication Equipments

1.2 Classification of Visible Light Communication Equipments

1.2.1 Fluorescent lights

1.2.2 Visible Light LED’s

1.2.3 Diode

1.2.4 Image Sensors

1.2.5 IR Emitters

1.2.6 Optocouplers

1.2.7 Others

1.3 Applications of Visible Light Communication Equipments

1.3.1 Vehicle and Transportation

1.3.2 Defense and Security

1.3.3 Healthcare

1.3.4 Aviation

1.3.5 Mining

1.4 Market Segment by Regions

1.4.1 North America

1.4.2 China

1.4.3 Europe

1.4.4 Southeast Asia

1.4.5 Japan

1.4.6 India

2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments

2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers

2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments

2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments

2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Visible Light Communication Equipments

3 Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments

3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

4 Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Overall Market Overview

4.1 2012-2017E Overall Market Analysis

4.2 Capacity Analysis

4.2.1 2012-2017E Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Capacity and Growth Rate Analysis

4.2.2 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Capacity Analysis (Company Segment)

4.3 Sales Analysis

4.3.1 2012-2017E Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales and Growth Rate Analysis

4.3.2 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Analysis (Company Segment)

4.4 Sales Price Analysis

4.4.1 2012-2017E Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price

4.4.2 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment)

5 Visible Light Communication Equipments Regional Market Analysis

5.1 North America Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Analysis

5.1.1 North America Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Overview

5.1.2 North America 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis

5.1.3 North America 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Analysis

5.1.4 North America 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Share Analysis

5.2 China Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Analysis

5.2.1 China Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Overview

5.2.2 China 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis

5.2.3 China 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Analysis

5.2.4 China 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Share Analysis

5.3 Europe Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Analysis

5.3.1 Europe Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Overview

5.3.2 Europe 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis

5.3.3 Europe 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Analysis

5.3.4 Europe 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Share Analysis

5.4 Southeast Asia Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Analysis

5.4.1 Southeast Asia Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Overview

5.4.2 Southeast Asia 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis

5.4.3 Southeast Asia 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Analysis

5.4.4 Southeast Asia 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Share Analysis

5.5 Japan Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Analysis

5.5.1 Japan Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Overview

5.5.2 Japan 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis

5.5.3 Japan 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Analysis

5.5.4 Japan 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Share Analysis

5.6 India Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Analysis

5.6.1 India Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Overview

5.6.2 India 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis

5.6.3 India 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Analysis

5.6.4 India 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Share Analysis

6 Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Segment Market Analysis (by Type)

6.1 Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales by Type

6.2 Different Types of Visible Light Communication Equipments Product Interview Price Analysis

6.3 Different Types of Visible Light Communication Equipments Product Driving Factors Analysis

6.3.1 Fluorescent lights of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

6.3.2 Visible Light LED’s of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

6.3.3 Diode of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

6.3.4 Image Sensors of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

6.3.5 IR Emitters of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

6.3.6 Optocouplers of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

6.3.7 Others of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7 Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Segment Market Analysis (by Application)

7.1 Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption by Application

7.2 Different Application of Visible Light Communication Equipments Product Interview Price Analysis

7.3 Different Application of Visible Light Communication Equipments Product Driving Factors Analysis

7.3.1 Vehicle and Transportation of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7.3.2 Defense and Security of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7.3.3 Healthcare of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7.3.4 Aviation of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

7.3.5 Mining of Visible Light Communication Equipments Growth Driving Factor Analysis

8 Major Manufacturers Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments

8.1 Avago Technologies Japan, Ltd.

8.1.1 Company Profile

8.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.1.2.1 Product A

8.1.2.2 Product B

8.1.3 Avago Technologies Japan, Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.1.4 Avago Technologies Japan, Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.2 Casio Computer Co., Ltd.

8.2.1 Company Profile

8.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.2.2.1 Product A

8.2.2.2 Product B

8.2.3 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.2.4 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.3 Fuji Television

8.3.1 Company Profile

8.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.3.2.1 Product A

8.3.2.2 Product B

8.3.3 Fuji Television 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.3.4 Fuji Television 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.4 Information System Research Institute

8.4.1 Company Profile

8.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.4.2.1 Product A

8.4.2.2 Product B

8.4.3 Information System Research Institute 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.4.4 Information System Research Institute 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.5 KDDI R&D Laboratories

8.5.1 Company Profile

8.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.5.2.1 Product A

8.5.2.2 Product B

8.5.3 KDDI R&D Laboratories 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.5.4 KDDI R&D Laboratories 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.6 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.

8.6.1 Company Profile

8.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.6.2.1 Product A

8.6.2.2 Product B

8.6.3 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.6.4 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.7 MoMoAlliance Co., Ltd.

8.7.1 Company Profile

8.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.7.2.1 Product A

8.7.2.2 Product B

8.7.3 MoMoAlliance Co., Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.7.4 MoMoAlliance Co., Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.8 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc.

8.8.1 Company Profile

8.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.8.2.1 Product A

8.8.2.2 Product B

8.8.3 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.8.4 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.9 NEC Communication Systems, Ltd.

8.9.1 Company Profile

8.9.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.9.2.1 Product A

8.9.2.2 Product B

8.9.3 NEC Communication Systems, Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.9.4 NEC Communication Systems, Ltd. 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.10 NEC Corporation

8.10.1 Company Profile

8.10.2 Product Picture and Specifications

8.10.2.1 Product A

8.10.2.2 Product B

8.10.3 NEC Corporation 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis

8.10.4 NEC Corporation 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution Analysis

8.11 NEC Lighting, Ltd.

8.12 Nitto Denko Corporation

8.13 NTT DoCoMo, Inc.

8.14 Oi Electric Co., Ltd.

8.15 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

8.16 Sharp Corporation

8.17 Sony Corporation

8.18 Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd.

8.19 Tamura Corporation

8.20 The Nippon Signal Co., Ltd.

8.21 The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc.

8.22 Toshiba Corporation

8.23 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.

8.24 Wasshoi Co., Ltd.

9 Development Trend of Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments Market

9.1 Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Trend Analysis

9.1.1 Global 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast

9.1.2 Global 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price Forecast

9.2 Visible Light Communication Equipments Regional Market Trend

9.2.1 North America 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Forecast

9.2.2 China 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Forecast

9.2.3 Europe 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Forecast

9.2.4 Southeast Asia 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Forecast

9.2.5 Japan 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Forecast

9.2.6 India 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Forecast

9.3 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Trend (Product Type)

9.4 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Trend (Application)

10 Visible Light Communication Equipments Marketing Type Analysis

10.1 Visible Light Communication Equipments Regional Marketing Type Analysis

10.2 Visible Light Communication Equipments International Trade Type Analysis

10.3 Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Visible Light Communication Equipments by Region

10.4 Visible Light Communication Equipments Supply Chain Analysis

11 Consumers Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments

11.1 Consumer 1 Analysis

11.2 Consumer 2 Analysis

11.3 Consumer 3 Analysis

11.4 Consumer 4 Analysis

…

12 Conclusion of the Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Professional Survey Report 2017

Methodology

Analyst Introduction

Data Source

Figure Picture of Visible Light Communication Equipments

Table Product Specifications of Visible Light Communication Equipments

Table Classification of Visible Light Communication Equipments

Figure Global Production Market Share of Visible Light Communication Equipments by Type in 2016

Figure Fluorescent lights Picture

Table Major Manufacturers of Fluorescent lights

Figure Visible Light LED’s Picture

Table Major Manufacturers of Visible Light LED’s

Figure Diode Picture

Table Major Manufacturers of Diode

Figure Image Sensors Picture

Table Major Manufacturers of Image Sensors

Figure IR Emitters Picture

Table Major Manufacturers of IR Emitters

Figure Optocouplers Picture

Table Major Manufacturers of Optocouplers

Figure Others Picture

Table Major Manufacturers of Others

Table Applications of Visible Light Communication Equipments

Figure Global Consumption Volume Market Share of Visible Light Communication Equipments by Application in 2016

Figure Vehicle and Transportation Examples

Table Major Consumers in Vehicle and Transportation

Figure Defense and Security Examples

Table Major Consumers in Defense and Security

Figure Healthcare Examples

Table Major Consumers in Healthcare

Figure Aviation Examples

Table Major Consumers in Aviation

Figure Mining Examples

Table Major Consumers in Mining

Figure Market Share of Visible Light Communication Equipments by Regions

Figure North America Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)

Figure China Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)

Figure Europe Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)

Figure Southeast Asia Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)

Figure Japan Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)

Figure India Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Million USD) (2012-2022)

Table Visible Light Communication Equipments Raw Material and Suppliers

Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments in 2016

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Visible Light Communication Equipments

Figure Industry Chain Structure of Visible Light Communication Equipments

Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

Table R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

Table Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Major Manufacturers in 2016

Table Global Capacity, Sales , Price, Cost, Sales Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Visible Light Communication Equipments 2012-2017

Figure Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate

Figure Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate

Table 2012-2017E Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Capacity and Growth Rate

Table 2016 Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Capacity (K Units) List (Company Segment)

Table 2012-2017E Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate

Table 2016 Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales (K Units) List (Company Segment)

Table 2012-2017E Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit)

Table 2016 Global Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit) List (Company Segment)

Figure North America Capacity Overview

Table North America Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments 2012-2017E

Figure North America 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit)

Figure North America 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Market Share

Figure China Capacity Overview

Table China Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments 2012-2017E

Figure China 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit)

Figure China 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Market Share

Figure Europe Capacity Overview

Table Europe Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments 2012-2017E

Figure Europe 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit)

Figure Europe 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Market Share

Figure Southeast Asia Capacity Overview

Table Southeast Asia Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments 2012-2017E

Figure Southeast Asia 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit)

Figure Southeast Asia 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Market Share

Figure Japan Capacity Overview

Table Japan Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments 2012-2017E

Figure Japan 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit)

Figure Japan 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Market Share

Figure India Capacity Overview

Table India Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments 2012-2017E

Figure India 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit)

Figure India 2016 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Market Share

Table Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales (K Units) by Type

Table Different Types Visible Light Communication Equipments Product Interview Price

Table Global 2012-2017E Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales (K Units) by Application

Table Different Application Visible Light Communication Equipments Product Interview Price

Table Avago Technologies Japan, Ltd. Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 Avago Technologies Japan, Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 Avago Technologies Japan, Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table Fuji Television Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2015 Fuji Television Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 Fuji Television Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table Information System Research Institute Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 Information System Research Institute Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 Information System Research Institute Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table KDDI R&D Laboratories Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 KDDI R&D Laboratories Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 KDDI R&D Laboratories Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table MoMoAlliance Co., Ltd. Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 MoMoAlliance Co., Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 MoMoAlliance Co., Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 Nakagawa Laboratories, Inc. Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table NEC Communication Systems, Ltd. Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 NEC Communication Systems, Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 NEC Communication Systems, Ltd. Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table NEC Corporation Information List

Table Product A Overview

Table Product B Overview

Table 2016 NEC Corporation Visible Light Communication Equipments Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)

Figure 2016 NEC Corporation Visible Light Communication Equipments Business Region Distribution

Table NEC Lighting, Ltd. Information List

Table Nitto Denko Corporation Information List

Table NTT DoCoMo, Inc. Information List

Table Oi Electric Co., Ltd. Information List

Table Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Information List

Table Sharp Corporation Information List

Table Sony Corporation Information List

Table Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. Information List

Table Tamura Corporation Information List

Table The Nippon Signal Co., Ltd. Information List

Table The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Information List

Table Toshiba Corporation Information List

Table Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Information List

Table Wasshoi Co., Ltd. Information List

Figure Global 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast

Figure Global 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Market Size (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast

Figure Global 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast

Figure North America 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast

Figure China 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast

Figure Europe 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast

Figure Southeast Asia 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast

Figure Japan 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast

Figure India 2017-2022 Visible Light Communication Equipments Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast

Table Global Sales Volume (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments by Type 2017-2022

Table Global Consumption Volume (K Units) of Visible Light Communication Equipments by Application 2017-2022

Table Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Visible Light Communication Equipments by Region