Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Industry Market Analysis & Forecast 2018-2023

Chapter 1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure

1.2 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Segmentation by Type in 2016

1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure by Type in 2016

1.2.1 Type 1

1.2.2 Type 2

1.2.3 Type 3

1.3 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Segmentation by Application in 2016

1.3.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016

1.3.2 Application 1

1.3.3 Application 2

1.3.4 Application 3

1.4 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Segmentation by Regions

1.4.1 North America

1.4.2 China

1.4.3 Europe

1.4.4 Southeast Asia

1.4.5 Japan

1.4.6 India

1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure (2013-2023)

1.5.1 Global Product Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

1.5.2 Global Product Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Chapter 2 Global Economic Impact on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Industry

2.1 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis

2.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis

2.1.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend

2.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis by Regions

Chapter 3 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Competition by Manufacturers

3.1 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

3.2 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

3.3 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Average Price by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

3.4 Manufacturers Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Manufacturing Base Distribution, Production Area and Product Type

3.5 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Competitive Situation and Trends

3.5.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Concentration Rate

3.5.2 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers

3.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Chapter 4 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2013-2018)

4.1 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production by Region (2013-2018)

4.2 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Market Share by Region (2013-2018)

4.3 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)

4.4 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

4.5 North America Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

4.5.1 North AmericaLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) InfrastructureProduction and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.5.2 North AmericaLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) InfrastructureProduction and Market Share by Type

4.5.3 North AmericaLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) InfrastructureProduction and Market Share by Application

4.6 Europe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

4.6.1 EuropeLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) InfrastructureProduction and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.6.2 Europe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Type

4.6.3 Europe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Application

4.7 China Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

4.7.1 ChinaLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) InfrastructureProduction and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.7.2 China Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Type

4.7.3 China Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Application

4.8 Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

4.8.1 Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.8.2 Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Type

4.8.3 Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Application

4.9 Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

4.9.1 Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.9.2 Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Type

4.9.3 Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Application

4.10 India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

4.10.1 India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.10.2 India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Type

4.10.3 India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Application

Chapter 5 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

5.1 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption by Regions (2013-2018)

5.2 North America Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

5.3 Europe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

5.4 China Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

5.5 Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

5.6 Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

5.7 India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

Chapter 6 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

6.1 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)

6.2 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)

6.3 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Price by Type (2013-2018)

6.4 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Growth by Type (2013-2018)

Chapter 7 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Analysis by Application

7.1 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)

7.2 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)

7.3 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)

7.4 Market Drivers and Opportunities

7.4.1 Potential Applications

7.4.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

Chapter 8 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Manufacturers Analysis

8.1 company 1

8.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.1.4 Business Overview

8.2 company 2

8.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.2.4 Business Overview

8.3 company 3

8.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.3.4 Business Overview

8.4 company 4

8.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.4.4 Business Overview

8.5 company 5

8.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.5.4 Business Overview

8.6 company 6

8.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.6.4 Business Overview

8.7 company 7

8.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.7.4 Business Overview

8.8 company 8

8.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.8.4 Business Overview

8.9 company 9

8.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

8.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

8.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

8.9.4 Business Overview

…

Chapter 9 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Manufacturing Cost Analysis

9.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Key Raw Materials Analysis

9.1.1 Key Raw Materials

9.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

9.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

9.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials

9.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure

9.2.1 Raw Materials

9.2.2 Labor Cost

9.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses

9.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure

Chapter 10 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

10.1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Industrial Chain Analysis

10.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing

10.3 Raw Materials Sources of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Major Manufacturers in 2016

10.4 Downstream Buyers

Chapter 11 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

11.1 Marketing Channel

11.1.1 Direct Marketing

11.1.2 Indirect Marketing

11.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

11.2 Market Positioning

11.2.1 Pricing Strategy

11.2.2 Brand Strategy

11.2.3 Target Client

11.3 Distributors/Traders List

Chapter 12 Market Effect Factors Analysis

12.1 Technology Progress/Risk

12.1.1 Substitutes Threat

12.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry

12.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change

12.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

Chapter 13 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Forecast (2018-2023)

13.1 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue Forecast (2018-2023)

13.2 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)

13.3 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Forecast by Type (2018-2023)

13.4 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Forecast by Application (2018-2023)

13.5 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Price Forecast (2018-2023)

Chapter 14 Appendix

Figure Global Production Market Share of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure by Type 2016

Figure Product Picture of Type I

Table Major Manufacturers of Type I

Figure Product Picture of Type II

Table Major Manufacturers of Type II

Figure Product Picture of Type III

Table Major Manufacturers of Type III

Table Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016

Figure Application 1 Examples

Figure Application 2 Examples

Figure Application 3 Examples

Figure North America Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Figure Europe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Figure China Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Figure Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Figure Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Figure India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2017

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

Figure 2015 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Share by Manufacturers

Figure 2016 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Share by Manufacturers

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

Table 2015 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table 2016 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table Global Market Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)

Figure Global Market Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2016

Table Manufacturers Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area

Table Manufacturers Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Product Type

Figure Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers

Figure Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure 2015 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Capacity Market Share by Regions

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure 2015 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Market Share by Regions

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue by Regions (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)

Table 2015 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue Market Share by Regions

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table North America Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table Europe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table China Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market by Regions (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)

Figure 2015 Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market Share by Regions

Table North America Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)

Table Europe Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)

Table China Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)

Table Japan Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)

Table Southeast Asia Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)

Table India Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production by Type (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Share by Type (2013-2018)

Figure Production Market Share of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure by Type (2013-2018)

Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure by Type

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue by Type (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)

Figure Production Revenue Share of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure by Type (2013-2018)

Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure by Type

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Price by Type (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Growth by Type (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption by Application (2013-2018)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market Share by Application (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)

Table company 1 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 1 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 2 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 2 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 2 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 3 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 3 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 3 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 4 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 4 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 4 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 5 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 5 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 5 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 6 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 6 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 6 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 7 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 7 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 7 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 8 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 8 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 8 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

Table company 9 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors

Table company 9 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)

Table company 9 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Market Share (2013-2018)

…

Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure

Figure Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Industrial Chain Analysis

Table Raw Materials Sources of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Major Manufacturers in 2016

Table Major Buyers of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure

Table Distributors/Traders List

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)

Figure Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Production Forecast by Type (2018-2023)

Table Global Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Infrastructure Consumption Forecast by Application (2018-2023)