Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market Research Report 2017

Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market Research Report 2017

1 Laser Capture Microdissection Market Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Laser Capture Microdissection

1.2 Laser Capture Microdissection Segment by Type (Product Category)

1.2.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (Product Category)(2012-2022)

1.2.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016

1.2.3 ArcturusXT LCM System

1.2.4 MMI Cellcut

1.2.5 Leica AS LMD

1.2.6 PALM Microbeam

1.3 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Segment by Application

1.3.1 Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2012-2022)

1.3.2 Research Institutions

1.3.3 Hospitals

1.3.4 Others

1.4 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market by Region (2012-2022)

1.4.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)

1.4.2 North America Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.4 China Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.5 Japan Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.6 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.7 India Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Laser Capture Microdissection (2012-2022)

1.5.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Status and Outlook (2012-2022)

1.5.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production Status and Outlook (2012-2022)

2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market Competition by Manufacturers

2.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

2.1.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

2.1.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

2.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

2.3 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Average Price by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

2.4 Manufacturers Laser Capture Microdissection Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type

2.5 Laser Capture Microdissection Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.5.1 Laser Capture Microdissection Market Concentration Rate

2.5.2 Laser Capture Microdissection Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers

2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2012-2017)

3.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.3 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.4 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.5 North America Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.6 Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.7 China Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.8 Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.9 Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.10 India Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

4 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region (2012-2017)

4.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption by Region (2012-2017)

4.2 North America Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.3 Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.4 China Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.5 Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.6 Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.7 India Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

5 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

5.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

5.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

5.3 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Price by Type (2012-2017)

5.4 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)

6 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market Analysis by Application

6.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

6.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6.3.1 Potential Applications

6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis

7.1 Leica Microsystems

7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

7.1.2 Laser Capture Microdissection Product Category, Application and Specification

7.1.2.1 Product A

7.1.2.2 Product B

7.1.3 Leica Microsystems Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.2 Thermo Fisher Scientific

7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

7.2.2 Laser Capture Microdissection Product Category, Application and Specification

7.2.2.1 Product A

7.2.2.2 Product B

7.2.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.3 Carl Zeiss

7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

7.3.2 Laser Capture Microdissection Product Category, Application and Specification

7.3.2.1 Product A

7.3.2.2 Product B

7.3.3 Carl Zeiss Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.4 Molecular Machines & Industries

7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

7.4.2 Laser Capture Microdissection Product Category, Application and Specification

7.4.2.1 Product A

7.4.2.2 Product B

7.4.3 Molecular Machines & Industries Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview

...

8 Laser Capture Microdissection Manufacturing Cost Analysis

8.1 Laser Capture Microdissection Key Raw Materials Analysis

8.1.1 Key Raw Materials

8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials

8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure

8.2.1 Raw Materials

8.2.2 Labor Cost

8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses

8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Laser Capture Microdissection

9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

9.1 Laser Capture Microdissection Industrial Chain Analysis

9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing

9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Laser Capture Microdissection Major Manufacturers in 2015

9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

10.1 Marketing Channel

10.1.1 Direct Marketing

10.1.2 Indirect Marketing

10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

10.2 Market Positioning

10.2.1 Pricing Strategy

10.2.2 Brand Strategy

10.2.3 Target Client

10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 Market Effect Factors Analysis

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk

11.1.1 Substitutes Threat

11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry

11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change

11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1.1 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1.3 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption , Import and Export Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12.2.1 North America Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.2 Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.3 China Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.4 Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.5 Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.6 India Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.3 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

12.4 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix

14.1 Methodology/Research Approach

14.1.1 Research Programs/Design

14.1.2 Market Size Estimation

14.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

14.2 Data Source

14.2.1 Secondary Sources

14.2.2 Primary Sources

14.3 Disclaimer

Figure Picture of Laser Capture Microdissection

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2012-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share by Types (Product Category) in 2016

Figure Product Picture of ArcturusXT LCM System

Table Major Manufacturers of ArcturusXT LCM System

Figure Product Picture of MMI Cellcut

Table Major Manufacturers of MMI Cellcut

Figure Product Picture of Leica AS LMD

Table Major Manufacturers of Leica AS LMD

Figure Product Picture of PALM Microbeam

Table Major Manufacturers of PALM Microbeam

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (K Units) by Applications (2012-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2016

Figure Research Institutions Examples

Table Key Downstream Customer in Research Institutions

Figure Hospitals Examples

Table Key Downstream Customer in Hospitals

Figure Others Examples

Table Key Downstream Customer in Others

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Market Size (Million USD), Comparison (K Units) and CAGR (%) by Regions (2012-2022)

Figure North America Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure China Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure India Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) Status and Outlook (2012-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units) Status and Outlook (2012-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Major Players Product Capacity (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in 2016

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in 2017

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Major Players Product Production (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 Laser Capture Microdissection Production Share by Manufacturers

Figure 2017 Laser Capture Microdissection Production Share by Manufacturers

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)

Table 2016 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table 2017 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table Global Market Laser Capture Microdissection Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)

Figure Global Market Laser Capture Microdissection Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2016

Table Manufacturers Laser Capture Microdissection Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area

Table Manufacturers Laser Capture Microdissection Product Category

Figure Laser Capture Microdissection Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers

Figure Laser Capture Microdissection Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity (K Units) by Region (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity Market Share by Region

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production by Region (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) by Region (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share by Region

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) by Region (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Table 2016 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share by Region

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units) and Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table North America Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table China Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table India Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (K Units) Market by Region (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (K Units) Market Share by Region

Table North America Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table China Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table India Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K Units) (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) by Type (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Production Market Share of Laser Capture Microdissection by Type (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 Production Market Share of Laser Capture Microdissection by Type

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Production Revenue Share of Laser Capture Microdissection by Type (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 Revenue Market Share of Laser Capture Microdissection by Type

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (K Units) by Application (2012-2017)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Market Share by Applications (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Table Leica Microsystems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Leica Microsystems Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Leica Microsystems Laser Capture Microdissection Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Leica Microsystems Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share (2012-2017)

Figure Leica Microsystems Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)

Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Laser Capture Microdissection Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share (2012-2017)

Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)

Table Carl Zeiss Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Carl Zeiss Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Carl Zeiss Laser Capture Microdissection Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Carl Zeiss Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share (2012-2017)

Figure Carl Zeiss Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)

Table Molecular Machines & Industries Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Molecular Machines & Industries Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Molecular Machines & Industries Laser Capture Microdissection Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Molecular Machines & Industries Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share (2012-2017)

Figure Molecular Machines & Industries Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)

Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Laser Capture Microdissection

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Laser Capture Microdissection

Figure Laser Capture Microdissection Industrial Chain Analysis

Table Raw Materials Sources of Laser Capture Microdissection Major Manufacturers in 2016

Table Major Buyers of Laser Capture Microdissection

Table Distributors/Traders List

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Capacity, Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Price (Million USD) and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption Market Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Figure North America Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure North America Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table North America Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export and Import (K Units) Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Europe Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export and Import (K Units) Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure China Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure China Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table China Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export and Import (K Units) Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Japan Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export and Import (K Units) Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Southeast Asia Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export and Import (K Units) Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure India Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure India Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table India Laser Capture Microdissection Production, Consumption, Export and Import (K Units) Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Production (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

Figure Global Laser Capture Microdissection Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

Table Research Programs/Design for This Report

Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure Data Triangulation

Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table Key Data Information from Primary Source