Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Market Report 2016

Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Market Report 2016

1 Forged Steel Grinding Media Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Forged Steel Grinding Media

1.2 Classification of Forged Steel Grinding Media

1.2.1 Type I

1.2.2 Type II

1.2.3 Type III

1.3 Application of Forged Steel Grinding Media

1.3.1 Application 1

1.3.2 Application 2

1.3.3 Application 3

1.4 Forged Steel Grinding Media Market by Regions

1.4.1 USA Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.2 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.5 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.6 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.5 Global Market Size (Value and Volume) of Forged Steel Grinding Media (2011-2021)

1.5.1 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

1.5.2 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Competition by Manufacturers, Type and Application

2.1 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Competition by Manufacturers

2.1.1 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)

2.1.2 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

2.2 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume and Value) by Type

2.2.1 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

2.2.2 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

2.3 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume and Value) by Regions

2.3.1 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)

2.3.2 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)

2.4 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume) by Application

3 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

3.1 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Value (2011-2016)

3.1.1 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

3.1.2 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

3.1.3 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

3.2 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

3.3 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type

3.4 USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Application

4 China Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

4.1 China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Value (2011-2016)

4.1.1 China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

4.1.2 China Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

4.1.3 China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

4.2 China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.3 China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type

4.4 China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Application

5 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

5.1 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Value (2011-2016)

5.1.1 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

5.1.2 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

5.1.3 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

5.2 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

5.3 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type

5.4 Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Application

6 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

6.1 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Value (2011-2016)

6.1.1 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

6.1.2 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

6.1.3 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

6.2 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

6.3 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type

6.4 Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Application

7 India Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

7.1 India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Value (2011-2016)

7.1.1 India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

7.1.2 India Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

7.1.3 India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

7.2 India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

7.3 India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type

7.4 India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Application

8 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

8.1 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Value (2011-2016)

8.1.1 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

8.1.2 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

8.1.3 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

8.2 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

8.3 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type

8.4 Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Application

9 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Manufacturers Analysis

9.1 Windsor Steelballs

9.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.1.2 Forged Steel Grinding Media Product Type, Application and Specification

9.1.2.1 Type I

9.1.2.2 Type II

9.1.3 Windsor Steelballs Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.2 Magotteaux

9.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.2.2 129 Product Type, Application and Specification

9.2.2.1 Type I

9.2.2.2 Type II

9.2.3 Magotteaux Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.3 FOX Industries

9.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.3.2 146 Product Type, Application and Specification

9.3.2.1 Type I

9.3.2.2 Type II

9.3.3 FOX Industries Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.4 Scaw Metals Group

9.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.4.2 Sept Product Type, Application and Specification

9.4.2.1 Type I

9.4.2.2 Type II

9.4.3 Scaw Metals Group Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.5 Union Process

9.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

9.5.2.1 Type I

9.5.2.2 Type II

9.5.3 Union Process Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.6 Arrium Limited

9.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.6.2 Million USD Product Type, Application and Specification

9.6.2.1 Type I

9.6.2.2 Type II

9.6.3 Arrium Limited Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.7 Energosteel

9.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.7.2 Chemical & Material Product Type, Application and Specification

9.7.2.1 Type I

9.7.2.2 Type II

9.7.3 Energosteel Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.8 Oriental

9.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

9.8.2.1 Type I

9.8.2.2 Type II

9.8.3 Oriental Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.9 TOYO Grinding Ball Co.Ltd

9.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

9.9.2.1 Type I

9.9.2.2 Type II

9.9.3 TOYO Grinding Ball Co.Ltd Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.10 Metso

9.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

9.10.2 Product Type, Application and Specification

9.10.2.1 Type I

9.10.2.2 Type II

9.10.3 Metso Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

9.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

9.11 AIA Engineering

9.12 Technocon Engineers

9.13 Mufaddal International

9.14 Zhangqiu Taitou Special Steel Ball Factory

9.15 JINAN HAOYANG CASTING & FORGING CO.,LTD

10 Forged Steel Grinding Media Maufacturing Cost Analysis

10.1 Forged Steel Grinding Media Key Raw Materials Analysis

10.1.1 Key Raw Materials

10.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

10.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

10.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials

10.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure

10.2.1 Raw Materials

10.2.2 Labor Cost

10.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Forged Steel Grinding Media

11 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

11.1 Forged Steel Grinding Media Industrial Chain Analysis

11.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing

11.3 Raw Materials Sources of Forged Steel Grinding Media Major Manufacturers in 2015

11.4 Downstream Buyers

12 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

12.1 Marketing Channel

12.1.1 Direct Marketing

12.1.2 Indirect Marketing

12.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

12.2 Market Positioning

12.2.1 Pricing Strategy

12.2.2 Brand Strategy

12.2.3 Target Client

12.3 Distributors/Traders List

13 Market Effect Factors Analysis

13.1 Technology Progress/Risk

13.1.1 Substitutes Threat

13.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry

13.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change

13.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

14 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Forecast (2016-2021)

14.1 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)

14.2 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)

14.3 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)

14.4 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 Appendix

Author List

Disclosure Section

Research Methodology

Data Source

China Disclaimer

Figure Picture of Forged Steel Grinding Media

Table Classification of Forged Steel Grinding Media

Figure Global Sales Market Share of Forged Steel Grinding Media by Type in 2015

Figure Type I Picture

Figure Type II Picture

Table Applications of Forged Steel Grinding Media

Figure Global Sales Market Share of Forged Steel Grinding Media by Application in 2015

Figure Application 1 Examples

Figure Application 2 Examples

Figure USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure China Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure India Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales of Key Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Figure 2015 Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Share by Manufacturers

Figure 2016 Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Share by Manufacturers

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table 2015 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table 2016 Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Sales Market Share of Forged Steel Grinding Media by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Forged Steel Grinding Media by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Share by Regions (2011-2016)

Figure Sales Market Share of Forged Steel Grinding Media by Regions (2011-2016)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue Share by Regions (2011-2016)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Forged Steel Grinding Media by Regions (2011-2016)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue Growth Rate by Regions (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Sales Market Share of Forged Steel Grinding Media by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)

Figure USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Type (2011-2016)

Table USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Application (2011-2016)

Table USA Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure China Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table China Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Type (2011-2016)

Table China Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table China Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Application (2011-2016)

Table China Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Type (2011-2016)

Table Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Application (2011-2016)

Table Europe Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Type (2011-2016)

Table Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Application (2011-2016)

Table Japan Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure India Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table India Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Type (2011-2016)

Table India Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table India Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Application (2011-2016)

Table India Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Manufacturers (2011-2016)

Table Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Type (2011-2016)

Table Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales by Application (2011-2016)

Table Southeast Asia Forged Steel Grinding Media Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Table Windsor Steelballs Basic Information List

Table Windsor Steelballs Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Windsor Steelballs Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Magotteaux Basic Information List

Table Magotteaux Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Magotteaux Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table FOX Industries Basic Information List

Table FOX Industries Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure FOX Industries Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Scaw Metals Group Basic Information List

Table Scaw Metals Group Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Scaw Metals Group Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Union Process Basic Information List

Table Union Process Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Union Process Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Arrium Limited Basic Information List

Table Arrium Limited Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Arrium Limited Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Energosteel Basic Information List

Table Energosteel Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Energosteel Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Oriental Basic Information List

Table Oriental Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Oriental Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table TOYO Grinding Ball Co.Ltd Basic Information List

Table TOYO Grinding Ball Co.Ltd Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure TOYO Grinding Ball Co.Ltd Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Metso Basic Information List

Table Metso Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Metso Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table AIA Engineering Basic Information List

Table AIA Engineering Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure AIA Engineering Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Technocon Engineers Basic Information List

Table Technocon Engineers Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Technocon Engineers Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Mufaddal International Basic Information List

Table Mufaddal International Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Mufaddal International Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Zhangqiu Taitou Special Steel Ball Factory Basic Information List

Table Zhangqiu Taitou Special Steel Ball Factory Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure Zhangqiu Taitou Special Steel Ball Factory Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table JINAN HAOYANG CASTING & FORGING CO.,LTD Basic Information List

Table JINAN HAOYANG CASTING & FORGING CO.,LTD Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure JINAN HAOYANG CASTING & FORGING CO.,LTD Forged Steel Grinding Media Global Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Forged Steel Grinding Media

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Forged Steel Grinding Media

Figure Forged Steel Grinding Media Industrial Chain Analysis

Table Raw Materials Sources of Forged Steel Grinding Media Major Manufacturers in 2015

Table Major Buyers of Forged Steel Grinding Media

Table Distributors/Traders List

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)

Table Global Forged Steel Grinding Media Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)