Europe Additive Manufacturing Market Report 2017

Europe Additive Manufacturing Market Report 2017

1 Additive Manufacturing Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Additive Manufacturing

1.2 Classification of Additive Manufacturing

1.2.1 Plastic

1.2.2 Rubber

1.2.3 Metal alloy

1.2.4 Others

1.3 Application of Additive Manufacturing

1.3.1 Automotive

1.3.2 Dental

1.3.3 Manufacturing

1.3.4 Healthcare

1.3.5 Other

1.4 Additive Manufacturing Market by Countries

1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)

1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Additive Manufacturing (2011-2021)

1.5.1 Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

1.5.2 Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 Europe Additive Manufacturing by Manufacturers, Type and Application

2.1 Europe Additive Manufacturing Market Competition by Manufacturers

2.1.1 Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

2.1.2 Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

2.2 Europe Additive Manufacturing (Volume and Value) by Type

2.2.1 Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

2.2.2 Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

2.3 Europe Additive Manufacturing (Volume and Value) by Countries

2.3.1 Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

2.3.2 Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

2.4 Europe Additive Manufacturing (Volume) by Application

3 Germany Additive Manufacturing (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

3.1 Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales and Value (2011-2016)

3.1.1 Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

3.1.2 Germany Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

3.1.3 Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

3.2 Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

3.3 Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type

3.4 Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application

4 France Additive Manufacturing (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

4.1 France Additive Manufacturing Sales and Value (2011-2016)

4.1.1 France Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

4.1.2 France Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

4.1.4 France Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

4.2 France Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

4.3 France Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type

4.4 France Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application

5 UK Additive Manufacturing (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

5.1 UK Additive Manufacturing Sales and Value (2011-2016)

5.1.1 UK Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

5.1.2 UK Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

5.1.5 UK Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

5.2 UK Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

5.3 UK Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type

5.4 UK Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application

6 Russia Additive Manufacturing (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

6.1 Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales and Value (2011-2016)

6.1.1 Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

6.1.2 Russia Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

6.1.6 Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

6.2 Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

6.3 Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type

6.4 Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application

7 Italy Additive Manufacturing (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

7.1 Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales and Value (2011-2016)

7.1.1 Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

7.1.2 Italy Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

7.1.7 Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

7.2 Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

7.3 Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type

7.4 Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application

8 Spain Additive Manufacturing (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

8.1 Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales and Value (2011-2016)

8.1.1 Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

8.1.2 Spain Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

8.1.8 Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

8.2 Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

8.3 Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type

8.4 Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application

9 Benelux Additive Manufacturing (Volume, Value and Sales Price)

9.1 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales and Value (2011-2016)

9.1.1 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

9.1.2 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

9.1.9 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

9.2 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers

9.3 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type

9.4 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application

10 Europe Additive Manufacturing Manufacturers Analysis

10.1 GE Additive Manufacturing

10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.1.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.1.2.1 Plastic

10.1.2.2 Rubber

10.1.3 GE Additive Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.2 MCor Technologies Ltd

10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.2.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.2.2.1 Plastic

10.2.2.2 Rubber

10.2.3 MCor Technologies Ltd Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.3 Materialise NV

10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.3.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.3.2.1 Plastic

10.3.2.2 Rubber

10.3.3 Materialise NV Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.4 3D Systems

10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.4.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.4.2.1 Plastic

10.4.2.2 Rubber

10.4.3 3D Systems Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.5 ExOne

10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.5.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.5.2.1 Plastic

10.5.2.2 Rubber

10.5.3 ExOne Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.6 EOS

10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.6.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.6.2.1 Plastic

10.6.2.2 Rubber

10.6.3 EOS Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.7 Stratasys Ltd

10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.7.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.7.2.1 Plastic

10.7.2.2 Rubber

10.7.3 Stratasys Ltd Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.8 Arcam AB

10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.8.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.8.2.1 Plastic

10.8.2.2 Rubber

10.8.3 Arcam AB Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.9 Nanoscribe GmbH

10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.9.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.9.2.1 Plastic

10.9.2.2 Rubber

10.9.3 Nanoscribe GmbH Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.10 Sandvik Materials Technology

10.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

10.10.2 Additive Manufacturing Product Type, Application and Specification

10.10.2.1 Plastic

10.10.2.2 Rubber

10.10.3 Sandvik Materials Technology Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

10.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

10.11 Linde Industrial Gases

10.12 Lithoz GmbH

11 Additive Manufacturing Manufacturing Cost Analysis

11.1 Additive Manufacturing Key Raw Materials Analysis

11.1.1 Key Raw Materials

11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials

11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure

11.2.1 Raw Materials

11.2.2 Labor Cost

11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses

11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Additive Manufacturing

12 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

12.1 Additive Manufacturing Industrial Chain Analysis

12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing

12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Additive Manufacturing Major Manufacturers in 2015

12.4 Downstream Buyers

13 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

13.1 Marketing Channel

13.1.1 Direct Marketing

13.1.2 Indirect Marketing

13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

13.2 Market Positioning

13.2.1 Pricing Strategy

13.2.2 Brand Strategy

13.2.3 Target Client

13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 Europe Additive Manufacturing Market Forecast (2016-2021)

14.1 Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast (2016-2021)

14.2 France Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast (2016-2021)

14.3 UK Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast (2016-2021)

14.4 Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast (2016-2021)

14.5 Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast (2016-2021)

14.6 Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast (2016-2021)

14.7 Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast (2016-2021)

14.8 Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)

14.9 Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 Research Findings and Conclusion

16 Appendix

Methodology

Analyst Introduction

Data Source

Figure Picture of Additive Manufacturing

Table Classification of Additive Manufacturing

Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Additive Manufacturing by Type in 2015

Figure Plastic Picture

Figure Rubber Picture

Figure Metal alloy Picture

Figure Others Picture

Table Application of Additive Manufacturing

Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Additive Manufacturing by Application in 2015

Figure Automotive Examples

Figure Dental Examples

Figure Manufacturing Examples

Figure Healthcare Examples

Figure Other Examples

Figure Germany Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure France Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure UK Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Russia Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Italy Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Spain Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Benelux Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Figure Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Figure 2015 Additive Manufacturing Sales Share by Manufacturers

Figure 2016 Additive Manufacturing Sales Share by Manufacturers

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table 2015 Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table 2016 Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Sales Market Share of Additive Manufacturing by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Additive Manufacturing by Type (2011-2016)

Figure Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Figure Sales Market Share of Additive Manufacturing by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Additive Manufacturing by Countries (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Sales Market Share of Additive Manufacturing by Application (2011-2016)

Figure Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Germany Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Germany Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Germany Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table Germany Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)

Figure France Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure France Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure France Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table France Additive Manufacturing Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table France Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table France Additive Manufacturing Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table France Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table France Additive Manufacturing Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table France Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)

Figure UK Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure UK Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure UK Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table UK Additive Manufacturing Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table UK Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table UK Additive Manufacturing Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table UK Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table UK Additive Manufacturing Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table UK Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)

Figure Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Russia Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Russia Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Russia Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table Russia Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)

Figure Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Italy Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Italy Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Italy Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table Italy Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)

Figure Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Spain Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Spain Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Spain Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table Spain Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)

Figure Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Benelux Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)

Figure Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)

Table Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Benelux Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Benelux Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)

Table Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table Benelux Additive Manufacturing Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)

Table Additive Manufacturing Basic Information List

Table GE Additive Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Figure GE Additive Manufacturing Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table MCor Technologies Ltd Basic Information List

Table MCor Technologies Ltd Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table MCor Technologies Ltd Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Materialise NV Basic Information List

Table Materialise NV Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table Materialise NV Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table 3D Systems Basic Information List

Table 3D Systems Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table 3D Systems Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table ExOne Basic Information List

Table ExOne Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table ExOne Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table EOS Basic Information List

Table EOS Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table EOS Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Stratasys Ltd Basic Information List

Table Stratasys Ltd Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table Stratasys Ltd Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Arcam AB Basic Information List

Table Arcam AB Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table Arcam AB Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Nanoscribe GmbH Basic Information List

Table Nanoscribe GmbH Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table Nanoscribe GmbH Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Sandvik Materials Technology Basic Information List

Table Sandvik Materials Technology Additive Manufacturing Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

Table Sandvik Materials Technology Additive Manufacturing Sales Market Share (2011-2016)

Table Linde Industrial Gases Basic Information List

Table Lithoz GmbH Basic Information List

Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Additive Manufacturing

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Additive Manufacturing

Figure Additive Manufacturing Industrial Chain Analysis

Table Raw Materials Sources of Additive Manufacturing Major Manufacturers in 2015

Table Major Buyers of Additive Manufacturing

Table Distributors/Traders List

Figure Germany Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Germany Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure France Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure France Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure UK Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure UK Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Russia Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Russia Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Italy Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Italy Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Spain Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Spain Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Benelux Additive Manufacturing Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Figure Benelux Additive Manufacturing Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)

Table Europe Additive Manufacturing Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)