United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Report 2017

United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Report 2017

1 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

1.2 Classification of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) by Product Category

1.2.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)

1.2.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016

1.2.3 Thermoplastic Elastomer Modified Bitumen

1.2.4 Plastomer Modified Bitumen

1.3 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market by Application/End Users

1.3.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2012-2022)

1.3.2 Road Construction

1.3.3 Roofing

1.3.4 Others

1.4 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market by Region

1.4.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)

1.4.2 The West Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.3 Southwest Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.5 New England Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.6 The South Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.7 The Midwest Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) (2012-2022)

1.5.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

1.5.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Competition by Players/Suppliers

2.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

2.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

2.3 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

2.4 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.4.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Concentration Rate

2.4.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers

2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market

2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Region (2012-2017)

3.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.3 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Price by Region (2012-2017)

4 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)

4.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)

4.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

4.3 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Price by Type (2012-2017)

4.4 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

5 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (Volume) by Application (2012-2017)

5.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

5.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Players/Suppliers Profiles and Sales Data

6.1 Total S.A.

6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

6.1.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.1.2.1 Product A

6.1.2.2 Product B

6.1.3 Total S.A. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.2 Nynas AB

6.2.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.2.2.1 Product A

6.2.2.2 Product B

6.2.3 Nynas AB Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.3 Benzene International

6.3.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.3.2.1 Product A

6.3.2.2 Product B

6.3.3 Benzene International Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.4 Hindustan Colas Private Limited (HINCOL)

6.4.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.4.2.1 Product A

6.4.2.2 Product B

6.4.3 Hindustan Colas Private Limited (HINCOL) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.5 Royal Dutch Shell PLC

6.5.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.5.2.1 Product A

6.5.2.2 Product B

6.5.3 Royal Dutch Shell PLC Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.6 Lagan Asphalt Group

6.6.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.6.2.1 Product A

6.6.2.2 Product B

6.6.3 Lagan Asphalt Group Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.7 ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants (F&L)

6.7.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.7.2.1 Product A

6.7.2.2 Product B

6.7.3 ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants (F&L) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.8 Sika AG

6.8.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.8.2.1 Product A

6.8.2.2 Product B

6.8.3 Sika AG Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.9 Global Road Technology

6.9.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.9.2.1 Product A

6.9.2.2 Product B

6.9.3 Global Road Technology Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.10 ORLEN Asfalt Sp z.o.o.

6.10.2 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.10.2.1 Product A

6.10.2.2 Product B

6.10.3 ORLEN Asfalt Sp z.o.o. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.11 Rosneft

6.12 Gazprom Neft PJSC

7 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Manufacturing Cost Analysis

7.1 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Key Raw Materials Analysis

7.1.1 Key Raw Materials

7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials

7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure

7.2.1 Raw Materials

7.2.2 Labor Cost

7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses

7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

8 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

8.1 Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Industrial Chain Analysis

8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing

8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Major Manufacturers in 2016

8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

9.1 Marketing Channel

9.1.1 Direct Marketing

9.1.2 Indirect Marketing

9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

9.2 Market Positioning

9.2.1 Pricing Strategy

9.2.2 Brand Strategy

9.2.3 Target Client

9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 Market Effect Factors Analysis

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk

10.1.1 Substitutes Threat

10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry

10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change

10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (Value and Volume) Forecast (2017-2022)

11.1 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)

11.2 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

11.3 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

11.4 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 Research Findings and Conclusion

13 Appendix

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach

13.1.1 Research Programs/Design

13.1.2 Market Size Estimation

13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

13.2 Data Source

13.2.1 Secondary Sources

13.2.2 Primary Sources

13.3 Disclaimer

Figure Product Picture of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (K MT) by Type (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016

Figure Thermoplastic Elastomer Modified Bitumen Product Picture

Figure Plastomer Modified Bitumen Product Picture

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (K MT) by Application (2012-2022)

Figure United States Sales Market Share of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) by Application in 2016

Figure Road Construction Examples

Table Key Downstream Customer in Road Construction

Figure Roofing Examples

Table Key Downstream Customer in Roofing

Figure Others Examples

Table Key Downstream Customer in Others

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2012-2022)

Figure The West Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Southwest Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure The Middle Atlantic Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure New England Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure The South of US Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure The Midwest Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K MT) (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Share by Players/Suppliers

Figure 2017 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Share by Players/Suppliers

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers

Figure 2017 United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers

Table United States Market Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Figure United States Market Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2016

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers

Table United States Players/Suppliers Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area

Table United States Players/Suppliers Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Product Category

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT) by Region (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share by Region in 2016

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share by Region in 2016

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Price (USD/MT) by Region (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT) by Type (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share by Type in 2016

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) by Type in 2016

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Price (USD/MT) by Types (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT) by Application (2012-2017)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share by Application in 2016

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Table Total S.A. Basic Information List

Table Total S.A. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Total S.A. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Total S.A. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Total S.A. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Nynas AB Basic Information List

Table Nynas AB Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Nynas AB Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Nynas AB Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Nynas AB Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Benzene International Basic Information List

Table Benzene International Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Benzene International Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Benzene International Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Benzene International Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Hindustan Colas Private Limited (HINCOL) Basic Information List

Table Hindustan Colas Private Limited (HINCOL) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Hindustan Colas Private Limited (HINCOL) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Hindustan Colas Private Limited (HINCOL) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Hindustan Colas Private Limited (HINCOL) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Royal Dutch Shell PLC Basic Information List

Table Royal Dutch Shell PLC Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Royal Dutch Shell PLC Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Royal Dutch Shell PLC Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Royal Dutch Shell PLC Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Lagan Asphalt Group Basic Information List

Table Lagan Asphalt Group Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Lagan Asphalt Group Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Lagan Asphalt Group Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Lagan Asphalt Group Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants (F&L) Basic Information List

Table ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants (F&L) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants (F&L) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants (F&L) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure ExxonMobil Fuels & Lubricants (F&L) Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Sika AG Basic Information List

Table Sika AG Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Sika AG Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Sika AG Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Sika AG Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Global Road Technology Basic Information List

Table Global Road Technology Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Global Road Technology Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Global Road Technology Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Global Road Technology Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table ORLEN Asfalt Sp z.o.o. Basic Information List

Table ORLEN Asfalt Sp z.o.o. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure ORLEN Asfalt Sp z.o.o. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure ORLEN Asfalt Sp z.o.o. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure ORLEN Asfalt Sp z.o.o. Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Rosneft Basic Information List

Table Gazprom Neft PJSC Basic Information List

Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

Figure Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Industrial Chain Analysis

Table Raw Materials Sources of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Major Players/Suppliers in 2016

Table Major Buyers of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB)

Table Distributors/Traders List

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Price (USD/MT) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type in 2022

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application in 2022

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Table United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2022

Table Research Programs/Design for This Report

Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure Data Triangulation

Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources