United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Report 2017

United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Report 2017

1 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)

1.2 Classification of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) by Product Category

1.2.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)

1.2.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016

1.2.3 Transportation Grade

1.2.4 Agriculture Grade

1.2.5 Construction Grade

1.2.6 Chemical Grade

1.2.7 Medical Grade

1.2.8 Others

1.3 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market by Application/End Users

1.3.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2012-2022)

1.3.2 Transportation Industry?

1.3.3 Agriculture Industry

1.3.4 Construction Industry

1.3.5 Medical Industry

1.3.6 Chemical Industry

1.3.7 Others

1.4 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market by Region

1.4.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)

1.4.2 The West Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.3 Southwest Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.5 New England Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.6 The South Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.7 The Midwest Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) (2012-2022)

1.5.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

1.5.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Competition by Players/Suppliers

2.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

2.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

2.3 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

2.4 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.4.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Concentration Rate

2.4.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers

2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market

2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Region (2012-2017)

3.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.3 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Price by Region (2012-2017)

4 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (Volume) and Revenue (Value) by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)

4.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)

4.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

4.3 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Price by Type (2012-2017)

4.4 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

5 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (Volume) by Application (2012-2017)

5.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

5.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Players/Suppliers Profiles and Sales Data

6.1 POLIRIM

6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

6.1.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.1.2.1 Product A

6.1.2.2 Product B

6.1.3 POLIRIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.2 Osborne Industries

6.2.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.2.2.1 Product A

6.2.2.2 Product B

6.2.3 Osborne Industries Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.3 Artekno Oy

6.3.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.3.2.1 Product A

6.3.2.2 Product B

6.3.3 Artekno Oy Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.4 WAYAND

6.4.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.4.2.1 Product A

6.4.2.2 Product B

6.4.3 WAYAND Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.5 OTIS TARDA

6.5.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.5.2.1 Product A

6.5.2.2 Product B

6.5.3 OTIS TARDA Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.6 Romeo RIM

6.6.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.6.2.1 Product A

6.6.2.2 Product B

6.6.3 Romeo RIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.7 Core Molding Technologies

6.7.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.7.2.1 Product A

6.7.2.2 Product B

6.7.3 Core Molding Technologies Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.8 MFG

6.8.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.8.2.1 Product A

6.8.2.2 Product B

6.8.3 MFG Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.9 Suemokko

6.9.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.9.2.1 Product A

6.9.2.2 Product B

6.9.3 Suemokko Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.10 Kyoshin Plastic

6.10.2 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category, Application and Specification

6.10.2.1 Product A

6.10.2.2 Product B

6.10.3 Kyoshin Plastic Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

6.11 Yangzi Motor Decoration

6.12 Langfang S&H Composites

7 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Manufacturing Cost Analysis

7.1 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Key Raw Materials Analysis

7.1.1 Key Raw Materials

7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials

7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure

7.2.1 Raw Materials

7.2.2 Labor Cost

7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses

7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)

8 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

8.1 Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Industrial Chain Analysis

8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing

8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Major Manufacturers in 2016

8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

9.1 Marketing Channel

9.1.1 Direct Marketing

9.1.2 Indirect Marketing

9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

9.2 Market Positioning

9.2.1 Pricing Strategy

9.2.2 Brand Strategy

9.2.3 Target Client

9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 Market Effect Factors Analysis

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk

10.1.1 Substitutes Threat

10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry

10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change

10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (Value and Volume) Forecast (2017-2022)

11.1 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)

11.2 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

11.3 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

11.4 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 Research Findings and Conclusion

13 Appendix

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach

13.1.1 Research Programs/Design

13.1.2 Market Size Estimation

13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation

13.2 Data Source

13.2.1 Secondary Sources

13.2.2 Primary Sources

13.3 Disclaimer

Figure Product Picture of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (K MT) by Type (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016

Figure Transportation Grade Product Picture

Figure Agriculture Grade Product Picture

Figure Construction Grade Product Picture

Figure Chemical Grade Product Picture

Figure Medical Grade Product Picture

Figure Others Product Picture

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (K MT) by Application (2012-2022)

Figure United States Sales Market Share of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) by Application in 2016

Figure Transportation Industry? Examples

Figure Agriculture Industry Examples

Figure Construction Industry Examples

Figure Medical Industry Examples

Figure Chemical Industry Examples

Figure Others Examples

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2012-2022)

Figure The West Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Southwest Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure The Middle Atlantic Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure New England Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure The South of US Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure The Midwest Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K MT) (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Share by Players/Suppliers

Figure 2017 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Share by Players/Suppliers

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Figure 2016 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers

Figure 2017 United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers

Table United States Market Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)

Figure United States Market Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2016

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers

Table United States Players/Suppliers Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area

Table United States Players/Suppliers Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Product Category

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) by Region (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share by Region in 2016

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share by Region in 2016

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Price (USD/MT) by Region (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) by Type (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share by Type in 2016

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Revenue Market Share of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) by Type in 2016

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Price (USD/MT) by Types (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) by Application (2012-2017)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share by Application in 2016

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Table POLIRIM Basic Information List

Table POLIRIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure POLIRIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure POLIRIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure POLIRIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Osborne Industries Basic Information List

Table Osborne Industries Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Osborne Industries Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Osborne Industries Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Osborne Industries Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Artekno Oy Basic Information List

Table Artekno Oy Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Artekno Oy Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Artekno Oy Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Artekno Oy Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table WAYAND Basic Information List

Table WAYAND Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure WAYAND Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure WAYAND Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure WAYAND Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table OTIS TARDA Basic Information List

Table OTIS TARDA Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure OTIS TARDA Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure OTIS TARDA Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure OTIS TARDA Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Romeo RIM Basic Information List

Table Romeo RIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Romeo RIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Romeo RIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Romeo RIM Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Core Molding Technologies Basic Information List

Table Core Molding Technologies Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Core Molding Technologies Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Core Molding Technologies Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Core Molding Technologies Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table MFG Basic Information List

Table MFG Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure MFG Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure MFG Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure MFG Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Suemokko Basic Information List

Table Suemokko Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Suemokko Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Suemokko Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Suemokko Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Kyoshin Plastic Basic Information List

Table Kyoshin Plastic Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales (K MT) , Revenue (Million USD) , Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Figure Kyoshin Plastic Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)

Figure Kyoshin Plastic Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Figure Kyoshin Plastic Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)

Table Yangzi Motor Decoration Basic Information List

Table Langfang S&H Composites Basic Information List

Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)

Figure Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Industrial Chain Analysis

Table Raw Materials Sources of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Major Players/Suppliers in 2016

Table Major Buyers of Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)

Table Distributors/Traders List

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Price (USD/MT) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Type in 2022

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Application in 2022

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume (K MT) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Table United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

Figure United States Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2022

Table Research Programs/Design for This Report

Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report

Figure Data Triangulation

Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources

Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources