Global IC Card Gas Meter Market Growth 2022-2028

1.1 Market Introduction

1.2 Years Considered

1.3 Research Objectives

1.4 Market Research Methodology

1.5 Research Process and Data Source

1.6 Economic Indicators

1.7 Currency Considered

2 Executive Summary

2.1 World Market Overview

2.1.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Sales 2017-2028

2.1.2 World Current & Future Analysis for IC Card Gas Meter by Geographic Region, 2017, 2022 & 2028

2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for IC Card Gas Meter by Country/Region, 2017, 2022 & 2028

2.2 IC Card Gas Meter Segment by Type

2.2.1 Diaphragm Gas Meter

2.2.2 Ultrasonic Gas Meter

2.3 IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type

2.3.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.3.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

2.3.3 Global IC Card Gas Meter Sale Price by Type (2017-2022)

2.4 IC Card Gas Meter Segment by Application

2.4.1 Industrial

2.4.2 Residential

2.4.3 Commercial

2.5 IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application

2.5.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Sale Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

2.5.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

2.5.3 Global IC Card Gas Meter Sale Price by Application (2017-2022)

3 Global IC Card Gas Meter by Company

3.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Breakdown Data by Company

3.1.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Sales by Company (2020-2022)

3.1.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

3.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Revenue by Company (2020-2022)

3.2.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Company (2020-2022)

3.2.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

3.3 Global IC Card Gas Meter Sale Price by Company

3.4 Key Manufacturers IC Card Gas Meter Producing Area Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3.4.1 Key Manufacturers IC Card Gas Meter Product Location Distribution

3.4.2 Players IC Card Gas Meter Products Offered

3.5 Market Concentration Rate Analysis

3.5.1 Competition Landscape Analysis

3.5.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

3.6 New Products and Potential Entrants

3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 World Historic Review for IC Card Gas Meter by Geographic Region

4.1 World Historic IC Card Gas Meter Market Size by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

4.1.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Sales by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

4.1.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Revenue by Geographic Region

4.2 World Historic IC Card Gas Meter Market Size by Country/Region (2017-2022)

4.2.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Sales by Country/Region (2017-2022)

4.2.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Revenue by Country/Region

4.3 Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales Growth

4.4 APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales Growth

4.5 Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales Growth

4.6 Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales Growth

5 Americas

5.1 Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country

5.1.1 Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country (2017-2022)

5.1.2 Americas IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

5.2 Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type

5.3 Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application

5.4 United States

5.5 Canada

5.6 Mexico

5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Region

6.1.1 APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Region (2017-2022)

6.1.2 APAC IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Region (2017-2022)

6.2 APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type

6.3 APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application

6.4 China

6.5 Japan

6.6 South Korea

6.7 Southeast Asia

6.8 India

6.9 Australia

6.10 China Taiwan

7 Europe

7.1 Europe IC Card Gas Meter by Country

7.1.1 Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country (2017-2022)

7.1.2 Europe IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

7.2 Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type

7.3 Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application

7.4 Germany

7.5 France

7.6 UK

7.7 Italy

7.8 Russia

8 Middle East & Africa

8.1 Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter by Country

8.1.1 Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country (2017-2022)

8.1.2 Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Country (2017-2022)

8.2 Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type

8.3 Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application

8.4 Egypt

8.5 South Africa

8.6 Israel

8.7 Turkey

8.8 GCC Countries

9 Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities

9.2 Market Challenges & Risks

9.3 Industry Trends

10 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis

10.1 Raw Material and Suppliers

10.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of IC Card Gas Meter

10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of IC Card Gas Meter

10.4 Industry Chain Structure of IC Card Gas Meter

11 Marketing, Distributors and Customer

11.1 Sales Channel

11.1.1 Direct Channels

11.1.2 Indirect Channels

11.2 IC Card Gas Meter Distributors

11.3 IC Card Gas Meter Customer

12 World Forecast Review for IC Card Gas Meter by Geographic Region

12.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Market Size Forecast by Region

12.1.1 Global IC Card Gas Meter Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

12.1.2 Global IC Card Gas Meter Annual Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

12.2 Americas Forecast by Country

12.3 APAC Forecast by Region

12.4 Europe Forecast by Country

12.5 Middle East & Africa Forecast by Country

12.6 Global IC Card Gas Meter Forecast by Type

12.7 Global IC Card Gas Meter Forecast by Application

13 Key Players Analysis

13.1 Goldcard Smart Group

13.1.1 Goldcard Smart Group Company Information

13.1.2 Goldcard Smart Group IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

13.1.3 Goldcard Smart Group IC Card Gas Meter Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.1.4 Goldcard Smart Group Main Business Overview

13.1.5 Goldcard Smart Group Latest Developments

13.2 Chint Group

13.2.1 Chint Group Company Information

13.2.2 Chint Group IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

13.2.3 Chint Group IC Card Gas Meter Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.2.4 Chint Group Main Business Overview

13.2.5 Chint Group Latest Developments

13.3 Zenner

13.3.1 Zenner Company Information

13.3.2 Zenner IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

13.3.3 Zenner IC Card Gas Meter Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.3.4 Zenner Main Business Overview

13.3.5 Zenner Latest Developments

13.4 Wasion Group

13.4.1 Wasion Group Company Information

13.4.2 Wasion Group IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

13.4.3 Wasion Group IC Card Gas Meter Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.4.4 Wasion Group Main Business Overview

13.4.5 Wasion Group Latest Developments

13.5 Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment

13.5.1 Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment Company Information

13.5.2 Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

13.5.3 Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment IC Card Gas Meter Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

13.5.4 Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment Main Business Overview

13.5.5 Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment Latest Developments

14 Research Findings and Conclusion

Table 1. IC Card Gas Meter Annual Sales CAGR by Geographic Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Table 2. IC Card Gas Meter Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Table 3. Major Players of Diaphragm Gas Meter

Table 4. Major Players of Ultrasonic Gas Meter

Table 5. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 6. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 7. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & ($ million)

Table 8. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 9. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sale Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)

Table 10. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 11. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 12. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Application (2017-2022)

Table 13. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 14. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sale Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)

Table 15. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Company (2020-2022) & (K Units)

Table 16. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

Table 17. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Company (2020-2022) ($ Millions)

Table 18. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Company (2020-2022)

Table 19. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sale Price by Company (2020-2022) & (US$/Unit)

Table 20. Key Manufacturers IC Card Gas Meter Producing Area Distribution and Sales Area

Table 21. Players IC Card Gas Meter Products Offered

Table 22. IC Card Gas Meter Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2020-2022)

Table 23. New Products and Potential Entrants

Table 24. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

Table 25. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Geographic Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 26. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Table 27. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Geographic Region (2017-2022) & ($ millions)

Table 28. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Table 29. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country/Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 30. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2017-2022)

Table 31. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Country/Region (2017-2022) & ($ millions)

Table 32. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2017-2022)

Table 33. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 34. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 35. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 36. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 37. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 38. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 39. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 40. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 41. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 42. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 43. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 44. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Table 45. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 46. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 47. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 48. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 49. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 50. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 51. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 52. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 53. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 54. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 55. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 56. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 57. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 58. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 59. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & ($ Millions)

Table 60. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)

Table 61. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 62. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Table 63. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Table 64. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Table 65. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of IC Card Gas Meter

Table 66. Key Market Challenges & Risks of IC Card Gas Meter

Table 67. Key Industry Trends of IC Card Gas Meter

Table 68. IC Card Gas Meter Raw Material

Table 69. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Table 70. IC Card Gas Meter Distributors List

Table 71. IC Card Gas Meter Customer List

Table 72. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 73. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Forecast by Region

Table 74. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 75. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)

Table 76. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 77. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 78. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 79. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 80. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 81. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 82. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 83. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & ($ millions)

Table 84. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 85. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 86. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 87. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)

Table 88. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)

Table 89. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 90. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & ($ Millions)

Table 91. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)

Table 92. Goldcard Smart Group Basic Information, IC Card Gas Meter Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 93. Goldcard Smart Group IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

Table 94. Goldcard Smart Group IC Card Gas Meter Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 95. Goldcard Smart Group Main Business

Table 96. Goldcard Smart Group Latest Developments

Table 97. Chint Group Basic Information, IC Card Gas Meter Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 98. Chint Group IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

Table 99. Chint Group IC Card Gas Meter Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 100. Chint Group Main Business

Table 101. Chint Group Latest Developments

Table 102. Zenner Basic Information, IC Card Gas Meter Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 103. Zenner IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

Table 104. Zenner IC Card Gas Meter Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 105. Zenner Main Business

Table 106. Zenner Latest Developments

Table 107. Wasion Group Basic Information, IC Card Gas Meter Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 108. Wasion Group IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

Table 109. Wasion Group IC Card Gas Meter Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 110. Wasion Group Main Business

Table 111. Wasion Group Latest Developments

Table 112. Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment Basic Information, IC Card Gas Meter Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table 113. Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment IC Card Gas Meter Product Offered

Table 114. Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment IC Card Gas Meter Sales (K Units), Revenue ($ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2020-2022)

Table 115. Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment Main Business

Table 116. Chongqing Shancheng Gas Equipment Latest Developments

List of Figures

Figure 1. Picture of IC Card Gas Meter

Figure 2. IC Card Gas Meter Report Years Considered

Figure 3. Research Objectives

Figure 4. Research Methodology

Figure 5. Research Process and Data Source

Figure 6. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Growth Rate 2017-2028 (K Units)

Figure 7. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth Rate 2017-2028 ($ Millions)

Figure 8. IC Card Gas Meter Sales by Region (2021 & 2028) & ($ millions)

Figure 9. Product Picture of Diaphragm Gas Meter

Figure 10. Product Picture of Ultrasonic Gas Meter

Figure 11. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Type in 2021

Figure 12. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)

Figure 13. IC Card Gas Meter Consumed in Industrial

Figure 14. Global IC Card Gas Meter Market: Industrial (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 15. IC Card Gas Meter Consumed in Residential

Figure 16. Global IC Card Gas Meter Market: Residential (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 17. IC Card Gas Meter Consumed in Commercial

Figure 18. Global IC Card Gas Meter Market: Commercial (2017-2022) & (K Units)

Figure 19. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)

Figure 20. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021

Figure 21. IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market by Company in 2021 ($ Million)

Figure 22. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Company in 2021

Figure 23. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Geographic Region (2017-2022)

Figure 24. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Geographic Region in 2021

Figure 25. Global IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)

Figure 26. Global IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country/Region in 2021

Figure 27. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 28. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 29. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 30. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 31. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 32. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 33. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales 2017-2022 (K Units)

Figure 34. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Revenue 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 35. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 36. Americas IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 37. United States IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 38. Canada IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 39. Mexico IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 40. Brazil IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 41. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Region in 2021

Figure 42. APAC IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2021

Figure 43. China IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 44. Japan IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 45. South Korea IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 46. Southeast Asia IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 47. India IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 48. Australia IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 49. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 50. Europe IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 51. Germany IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 52. France IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 53. UK IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 54. Italy IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 55. Russia IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 56. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Sales Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 57. Middle East & Africa IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Market Share by Country in 2021

Figure 58. Egypt IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 59. South Africa IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 60. Israel IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 61. Turkey IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 62. GCC Country IC Card Gas Meter Revenue Growth 2017-2022 ($ Millions)

Figure 63. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of IC Card Gas Meter in 2021

Figure 64. Manufacturing Process Analysis of IC Card Gas Meter

Figure 65. Industry Chain Structure of IC Card Gas Meter

Figure 66. Channels of Distribution

Figure 67. Distributors Profiles