Global Polarizer Film Sales Market Report 2017

1 Polarizer Film Overview 1

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Polarizer Film 1

1.2 Classification of Polarizer Film 2

1.2.2 TFT Type 3

1.2.3 TN Type 4

1.2.4 STN Type 5

1.3 Applications of Polarizer Film 6

1.3.1 LCD Displays 7

1.3.2 OLED Displays 7

1.3.3 Others 8

1.4 Polarizer Film Market by Regions 9

1.4.1 Taiwan Status and Prospect (2012-2022) 9

1.4.2 China Status and Prospect (2012-2022) 9

1.4.3 Korea Status and Prospect (2012-2022) 10

1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2012-2022) 11

1.4. Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2012-2022) 12

1.5 Global Market Size (Value and Volume) of Polarizer Film (2012-2022) 13

1.5.1 Global Polarizer Film Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 13

1.5.2 Global Polarizer Film Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 13

2 Global Polarizer Film Competition by Manufacturers, Type and Application 14

2.1 Global Polarizer Film Market Competition by Manufacturers 15

2.1.1 Global Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017) 15

2.1.2 Global Polarizer Film Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 17

2.2 Global Polarizer Film (Volume and Value) by Type 19

2.3 Global Polarizer Film (Volume and Value) by Regions 20

2.3.1 Global Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017) 20

2.3.2 Global Polarizer Film Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017) 2

2.4 Global Polarizer Film (Volume) by Application 3

3 Taiwan Polarizer Film (Volume, Value and Sales Price) 4

3.1 Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales and Value (2012-2017) 5

3.1.1 Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 5

3.1.2 Taiwan Polarizer Film Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 5

3.1.3 Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales Price Trend (2012-2017) 6

3.2 Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers 7

3.3 Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Type 7

3.4 Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Applications 8

4 China Polarizer Film (Volume, Value and Sales Price) 9

4.1 China Polarizer Film Sales and Value (2012-2017) 10

4.1.1 China Polarizer Film Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 10

4.1.2 China Polarizer Film Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 10

4.1.3 China Polarizer Film Sales Price Trend (2012-2017) 11

4.2 China Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers 12

4.3 China Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Type 12

4.4 China Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Applications 13

5 Korea Polarizer Film (Volume, Value and Sales Price) 14

5.1 Korea Polarizer Film Sales and Value (2012-2017) 15

5.1.1 Korea Polarizer Film Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 15

5.1.2 Korea Polarizer Film Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 15

5.1.3 Korea Polarizer Film Sales Price Trend (2012-2017) 16

5.2 Korea Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers 17

5.3 Korea Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Type 17

5.4 Korea Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Applications 18

6 Japan Polarizer Film (Volume, Value and Sales Price) 19

6.1 Japan Polarizer Film Sales and Value (2012-2017) 20

6.1.1 Japan Polarizer Film Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 20

6.1.2 Japan Polarizer Film Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 20

6.1.3 Japan Polarizer Film Sales Price Trend (2012-2017) 21

6.2 Japan Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers 22

6.3 Japan Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Type 22

6.4 Japan Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Applications 23

7 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film (Volume, Value and Sales Price) 24

7.1 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales and Value (2012-2017) 25

7.1.1 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 25

7.1.2 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 25

7.1.3 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales Price Trend (2012-2017) 26

7.2 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers 27

7.3 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Type 28

7.4 Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales and Market Share by Applications 28

8 Global Polarizer Film Manufacturers Analysis 29

8.1 Nitto 30

8.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 30

8.1.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 30

8.1.3 Nitto Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 31

8.1.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 32

8.2 Sumitomo 32

8.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 33

8.2.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 33

8.2.3 Sumitomo Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 34

8.2.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 35

8.3 LG Chem 35

8.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 36

8.3.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 36

8.3.3 LG Chem Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 37

8.3.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 38

8.4 Samsung SDI 39

8.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 39

8.4.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 39

8.4.3 Samsung SDI Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 41

8.4.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 41

8.5 OPTIMAX 42

8.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 42

8.5.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 42

8.5.3 OPTIMAX Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 43

8.5.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 44

8.6 Sanritz 45

8.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 45

8.6.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 45

8.6.3 Sanritz Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 47

8.6.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 48

8.7 BENQ 48

8.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 48

8.7.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 49

8.7.3 BENQ Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 52

8.7.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 53

8.8 CMMT 53

8.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 53

8.8.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 54

8.8.3 Polarizer Film Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin CMMT (2012-2017) 54

8.8.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 55

8.9 POLATECHNO 55

8.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 56

8.9.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 56

8.9.3 POLATECHNO Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 58

8.9.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 59

8.10 SAPO 60

8.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 60

8.10.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 61

8.10.3 SAPO Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 61

8.10.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 62

8.11 SUNNYPOL 62

8.11.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 63

8.11.2 Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 64

8.11.3 SUNNYPOL Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 65

8.11.4 Main BusinessBusiness Overview 66

8.12 DONGXU 67

8.12.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors 67

9 Polarizer Film Manufacturing Cost Analysis 67

9.1 Polarizer Film Key Raw Materials Analysis 68

9.1.1 Key Raw Materials 68

9.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials 68

9.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 71

9.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials 71

9.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 73

9.2.1 Raw Materials 74

9.2.2 Labor Cost 74

9.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses 78

9.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Polarizer Film 78

10 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers 79

10.1 Polarizer Film Industrial Chain Analysis 80

10.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing 80

10.3 Raw Materials Sources of Polarizer Film Major Manufacturers in 2016 81

10.4 Downstream Buyers 82

11 Marketing Strategy Analysis, DistributorsTraders 82

11.1 Marketing Channel 83

11.1.1 Marketing Channel Analysis 83

11.1.2 Marketing Channel Development Trend 83

11.2 Market Positioning 84

11.2.1 Pricing Strategy 84

11.2.2 Brand Strategy 85

11.2.3 Target Client 85

11.3 DistributorsTraders List 86

12 Market Effect Factors Analysis 86

12.1 Technology ProgressRisk 87

12.1.1 Substitutes Threat 87

12.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry 87

12.2 Consumer NeedsCustomer Preference Change 87

12.3 EconomicPolitical Environmental Change 87

13 Global Polarizer Film Market Forecast (2017-2022) 88

13.1 Global Polarizer Film Sales, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022) 89

13.2 Global Polarizer Film Sales Forecast by Regions (2017-2022) 90

13.3 Global Polarizer Film Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022) 90

13.4 Global Polarizer Film Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022) 91

14 Conclusion 91

15 Appendix 92

Disclosure Section 93

Research Methodology 93

Data Source 94

Disclaimer 95

Author List 96

Figure Picture of Polarizer Film 1

Figure Structure of Polarizer Film 2

Table Classification of Polarizer Film 2

Figure Global Sales Market Share of Polarizer Film by Types in 2016 3

Figure Structure of Polarizer Film for TFT Series 3

Table Polarizer Film for TFT Series Description 4

Figure Structure of Polarizer Film for TN Series 4

Table Polarizer Film for TN Series Description 4

Figure Structure of Polarizer Film for STN Series 5

Table Polarizer Film for STN Series Description 6

Table Applications of Polarizer Film 6

Figure Global Sales Market Share of Polarizer Film by Applications in 2016 7

Figure LCD Displays Examples 7

Figure OLED Displays Examples 8

Figure Others Examples 8

Figure Taiwan Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 9

Figure China Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 10

Figure Korea Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 11

Figure Japan Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 12

Figure Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 12

Figure Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 13

Figure Global Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 14

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017) 15

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 15

Figure 2016 Polarizer Film Sales Share by Manufacturers 16

Figure 2017 Polarizer Film Sales Share by Manufacturers 17

Table Global Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 17

Table Global Polarizer Film Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 18

Table 2016 Global Polarizer Film Revenue Share by Manufacturers 18

Table 2017 Global Polarizer Film Revenue Share by Manufacturers 19

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017) 19

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales Share by Type (2012-2017) 19

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017) 20

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales Share by Regions (2012-2017) 20

Figure Sales Market Share of Polarizer Film by Regions (2012-2017) 2

Table Global Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017) 2

Table Global Polarizer Film Revenue Share by Regions (2012-2017) 2

Figure Revenue Market Share of Polarizer Film by Regions (2012-2017) 3

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Market Share by Application (2012-2017) 3

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales Share by Application (2012-2017) 4

Figure Sales Market Share of Polarizer Film by Application (2012-2017) 4

Figure Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 5

Figure Taiwan Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 6

Figure Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales Price (USDSq.m) Trend (2012-2017) 6

Table Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 7

Table Taiwan Polarizer Film Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 7

Table Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Type (2012-2017) 8

Table Taiwan Polarizer Film Market Share by Type (2012-2017) 8

Table Taiwan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Applications (2012-2017) 8

Table Taiwan Polarizer Film Market Share by Applications (2012-2017) 8

Figure China Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 10

Figure China Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 11

Figure China Polarizer Film Sales Price (USDSq.m) Trend (2012-2017) 11

Table China Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 12

Table China Polarizer Film Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 12

Table China Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Type (2012-2017) 13

Table China Polarizer Film Market Share by Type (2012-2017) 13

Table China Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Applications (2012-2017) 13

Table China Polarizer Film Market Share by Applications (2012-2017) 13

Figure Korea Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 15

Figure Korea Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 16

Figure Korea Polarizer Film Sales Price (USDSq.m) Trend (2012-2017) 16

Table Korea Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 17

Table Korea Polarizer Film Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 17

Table Korea Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Type (2012-2017) 18

Table Korea Polarizer Film Market Share by Type (2012-2017) 18

Table Korea Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Applications (2012-2017) 18

Table Korea Polarizer Film Market Share by Applications (2012-2017) 18

Figure Japan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 20

Figure Japan Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 21

Figure Japan Polarizer Film Sales Price (USDSq.m) Trend (2012-2017) 21

Table Japan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 22

Table Japan Polarizer Film Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 22

Table Japan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Type (2012-2017) 23

Table Japan Polarizer Film Market Share by Type (2012-2017) 23

Table Japan Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Applications (2012-2017) 23

Table Japan Polarizer Film Market Share by Applications (2012-2017) 23

Figure Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 25

Figure Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2017) 26

Figure Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales Price (USDSq.m) Trend (2012-2017) 27

Table Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 27

Table Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017) 28

Table Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Type (2012-2017) 28

Table Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Market Share by Type (2012-2017) 28

Table Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) by Applications (2012-2017) 29

Table Southeast Asia Polarizer Film Market Share by Applications (2012-2017) 29

Table Nitto Basic Information List 30

Table Nitto Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 31

Table Nitto Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 32

Figure Nitto Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 32

Table Nitto Main BusinessBusiness Overview 32

Table Sumitomo Basic Information List 33

Table Sumitomo Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 34

Table Sumitomo Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 34

Figure Sumitomo Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 35

Table Sumitomo Main BusinessBusiness Overview 35

Table LG Chem Basic Information List 36

Table LG Chem Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 36

Table LG Chem Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 38

Figure LG Chem Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 38

Table LG Chem Main BusinessBusiness Overview 39

Table Samsung SDI Basic Information List 39

Table Samsung SDI Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 40

Table Samsung SDI Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 41

Figure Samsung SDI Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 41

Table Samsung SDI Main BusinessBusiness Overview 42

Table OPTIMAX Basic Information List 42

Table OPTIMAX Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 43

Table OPTIMAX Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 44

Figure OPTIMAX Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 44

Table OPTIMAX Main BusinessBusiness Overview 44

Table Sanritz Basic Information List 45

Table Sanritz Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 46

Table Sanritz Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 47

Figure Sanritz Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 48

Table Sanritz Main BusinessBusiness Overview 48

Table BENQ Basic Information List 48

Table BENQ Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 49

Table BENQ Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 52

Figure BENQ Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 52

Table BENQ Main BusinessBusiness Overview 53

Table CMMT Basic Information List 53

Table CMMT Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 54

Table CMMT Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 55

Figure CMMT Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 55

Table CMMT Main BusinessBusiness Overview 55

Table POLATECHNO Basic Information List 56

Table POLATECHNO Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 56

Table POLATECHNO Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 59

Figure POLATECHNO Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 59

Table POLATECHNO Main BusinessBusiness Overview 60

Table SAPO Basic Information List 60

Table SAPO Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 61

Table SAPO Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 62

Figure SAPO Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 62

Table SAPO Main BusinessBusiness Overview 62

Table SUNNYPOL Basic Information List 63

Table SUNNYPOL Polarizer Film Product Types, Application and Specification 64

Table SUNNYPOL Polarizer Film Sales(K Sq.m), Revenue(Million USD), Price(USDSq.m) and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 66

Figure SUNNYPOL Polarizer Film Global Market Share (2012-2017) 66

Table SAPO Main BusinessBusiness Overview 67

Table DONGXU Basic Information List 67

Figure Constructor of Polarizer Film 68

Figure Global Demand (Million Sq.m) of PVA Film 2014-2018 69

Figure Global Revenue (Million USD) of PVA Film 2014-2018 69

Figure Global Demand (Million Sq.m) of PVA Film 2014-2018 70

Figure Global Revenue (Million USD) of TAC Film 2014-2018 71

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 71

Figure Market Concentration Rate of TAC Film 72

Figure Market Concentration Rate of PVA Film 72

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Polarizer Film 73

Figure Manufacturing Raw Materials Cost Structure 74

Figure APAC Overview of Average Monthly Labor Cost in 2015 74

Figure Americas Overview of Average Monthly Labor Cost in 2015 75

Figure EMEA Overview of Average Monthly Labor Cost in 2015 75

Figure USA Quarterly Employment Cost Index (ECI) 2010-2015 76

Figure EU Quarterly Labor Cost Index 2010-2015 76

Figure Japan Yearly Manufacturing Cash Earnings and Growth Rate 2010-2015 77

Figure China Yearly Average Wage of Worker and Growth Rate 2011-2015 77

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Polarizer Film 79

Figure Polarizer Film Industrial Chain Analysis 80

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 81

Table Raw Materials Sources of Polarizer Film Major Manufacturers in 2016 82

Table Major Buyers of Polarizer Film 82

Figure Marketing Channels of Polarizer Film 83

Figure Price Strategy Overview 84

Figure Brand Strategy Overview 85

Table DistributorsTraders List 86

Table Polarizer Film Technology Progress 87

Figure Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022) 89

Figure Global Polarizer Film Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022) 89

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) Forecast by Regions (2017-2022) 90

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) Forecast by Type (2017-2022) 91

Table Global Polarizer Film Sales (K Sq.m) Forecast by Application (2017-2022) 91