Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Research Report 2017

Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Research Report 2017

1 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Overview

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

1.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Segment by Type

1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes by Type in 2015

1.2.2 Type I

1.2.3 Type II

1.3 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Segment by Application

1.3.1 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015

1.3.2 Application 1

1.3.3 Application 2

1.4 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market by Region

1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2012-2022)

1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes (2012-2022)

2 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Competition by Manufacturers

2.1 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

2.2 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

2.3 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

2.4 Manufacturers Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type

2.5 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Competitive Situation and Trends

2.5.1 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Concentration Rate

2.5.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers

2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2012-2017)

3.1 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.2 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.3 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)

3.4 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.5 North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.6 Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.7 China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.8 Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.9 Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

3.10 India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

4 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2012-2017)

4.1 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption by Regions (2012-2017)

4.2 North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.3 Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.4 China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.5 Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.6 Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

4.7 India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

5 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

5.1 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

5.2 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)

5.3 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Price by Type (2012-2017)

5.4 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)

6 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Analysis by Application

6.1 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

6.2 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6.3.1 Potential Applications

6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis

7.1 BASF SE

7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors

7.1.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type, Application and Specification

7.1.2.1 Product A

7.1.2.2 Product B

7.1.3 BASF SE Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.2 Eichrom Technologies

7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors

7.2.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type, Application and Specification

7.2.2.1 Product A

7.2.2.2 Product B

7.2.3 Eichrom Technologies Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.3 Evoqua Water Technologies

7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors

7.3.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type, Application and Specification

7.3.2.1 Product A

7.3.2.2 Product B

7.3.3 Evoqua Water Technologies Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.4 Finex Oy

7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors

7.4.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type, Application and Specification

7.4.2.1 Product A

7.4.2.2 Product B

7.4.3 Finex Oy Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.5 Ion Exchange

7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors

7.5.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type, Application and Specification

7.5.2.1 Product A

7.5.2.2 Product B

7.5.3 Ion Exchange Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.6 Jiangsu Suqing Water Treatment Engineering Group

7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors

7.6.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type, Application and Specification

7.6.2.1 Product A

7.6.2.2 Product B

7.6.3 Jiangsu Suqing Water Treatment Engineering Group Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7.7 Lanxess AG

7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors

7.7.2 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type, Application and Specification

7.7.2.1 Product A

7.7.2.2 Product B

7.7.3 Lanxess AG Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview

8 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Manufacturing Cost Analysis

8.1 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Key Raw Materials Analysis

8.1.1 Key Raw Materials

8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials

8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure

8.2.1 Raw Materials

8.2.2 Labor Cost

8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses

8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

9.1 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Industrial Chain Analysis

9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing

9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Major Manufacturers in 2015

9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders

10.1 Marketing Channel

10.1.1 Direct Marketing

10.1.2 Indirect Marketing

10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend

10.2 Market Positioning

10.2.1 Pricing Strategy

10.2.2 Brand Strategy

10.2.3 Target Client

10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 Market Effect Factors Analysis

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk

11.1.1 Substitutes Threat

11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry

11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change

11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1.1 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1.2 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

12.1.3 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption , Import and Export Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)

12.2.1 North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.2 Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.3 China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.4 Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.5 Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.2.6 India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

12.3 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

12.4 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix

Methodology

Analyst Introduction

Data Source

Figure Picture of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

Figure Global Production Market Share of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes by Type in 2015

Figure Product Picture of Type I

Table Major Manufacturers of Type I

Figure Product Picture of Type II

Table Major Manufacturers of Type II

Table Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015

Figure Application 1 Examples

Figure Application 2 Examples

Figure North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2015

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Figure 2015 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Share by Manufacturers

Figure 2016 Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Share by Manufacturers

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Table 2015 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table 2016 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue Share by Manufacturers

Table Global Market Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)

Figure Global Market Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015

Table Manufacturers Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area

Table Manufacturers Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Product Type

Figure Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers

Figure Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure 2015 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity Market Share by Regions

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure 2015 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Market Share by Regions

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue by Regions (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)

Table 2015 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue Market Share by Regions

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market by Regions (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)

Figure 2015 Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market Share by Regions

Table North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)

Table Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)

Table China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)

Table Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)

Table Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)

Table India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production by Type (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Production Market Share of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes by Type (2012-2017)

Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes by Type

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue by Type (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Production Revenue Share of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes by Type (2012-2017)

Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes by Type

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Price by Type (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption by Application (2012-2017)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market Share by Application (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)

Table BASF SE Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table BASF SE Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

Figure BASF SE Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share (2015 and 2016)

Table Eichrom Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Eichrom Technologies Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

Figure Eichrom Technologies Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share (2015 and 2016)

Table Evoqua Water Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Evoqua Water Technologies Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

Figure Evoqua Water Technologies Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share (2015 and 2016)

Table Finex Oy Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Finex Oy Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

Figure Finex Oy Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share (2015 and 2016)

Table Ion Exchange Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Ion Exchange Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

Figure Ion Exchange Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share (2015 and 2016)

Table Jiangsu Suqing Water Treatment Engineering Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Jiangsu Suqing Water Treatment Engineering Group Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

Figure Jiangsu Suqing Water Treatment Engineering Group Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share (2015 and 2016)

Table Lanxess AG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors

Table Lanxess AG Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)

Figure Lanxess AG Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Market Share (2015 and 2016)

Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material

Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials

Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials

Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

Figure Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Industrial Chain Analysis

Table Raw Materials Sources of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Major Manufacturers in 2015

Table Major Buyers of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

Table Distributors/Traders List

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)

Figure North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table North America Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Europe Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table China Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Japan Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Southeast Asia Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

Figure India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)

Table India Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Production Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Revenue Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)

Table Global Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)