Request for Covid-19 Impact Assessment of this Report
Sales, means the sales volume of Black Light Flashlights
Revenue, means the sales value of Black Light Flashlights
This report studies sales (consumption) of Black Light Flashlights in Global market, especially in United States, China, Europe and Japan, focuses on top players in these regions/countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these regions, covering
Directglow Llc
Trends International
Oxyled
Canserin
Trends International
Spot'S Light
Nebo
Lighting Ever
Powermax
Kmashi
Bright Eyes
Loftek
Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Black Light Flashlights in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like
United States
China
Europe
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
Split by product Types, with sales, revenue, price and gross margin, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into
Under 100 Lumens
100 To 199 Lumens
200 To 299 Lumens
300 To 399 Lumens
400 To 999 Lumens
1000 To 1199 Lumens
1200 Lumens & Above
Split by applications, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Black Light Flashlights in each application, can be divided into
Personal Use
Commerical Use
Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Market Report 2017
1 Black Light Flashlights Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Black Light Flashlights
1.2 Classification of Black Light Flashlights
1.2.1 Under 100 Lumens
1.2.2 100 To 199 Lumens
1.2.3 200 To 299 Lumens
1.2.4 300 To 399 Lumens
1.2.5 400 To 999 Lumens
1.2.6 1000 To 1199 Lumens
1.2.7 1200 Lumens & Above
1.3 Application of Black Light Flashlights
1.3.1 Personal Use
1.3.2 Commerical Use
1.4 Black Light Flashlights Market by Regions
1.4.1 United States Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.2 China Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value and Volume) of Black Light Flashlights (2012-2022)
1.5.1 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
1.5.2 Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
2 Global Black Light Flashlights Competition by Manufacturers, Type and Application
2.1 Global Black Light Flashlights Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1.1 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.1.2 Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.2 Global Black Light Flashlights (Volume and Value) by Type
2.2.1 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
2.2.2 Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
2.3 Global Black Light Flashlights (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
2.3.2 Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
2.4 Global Black Light Flashlights (Volume) by Application
3 United States Black Light Flashlights (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
3.1 United States Black Light Flashlights Sales and Value (2012-2017)
3.1.1 United States Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
3.1.2 United States Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
3.1.3 United States Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
3.2 United States Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 United States Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 United States Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Application
4 China Black Light Flashlights (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
4.1 China Black Light Flashlights Sales and Value (2012-2017)
4.1.1 China Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
4.1.2 China Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
4.1.3 China Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
4.2 China Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 China Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 China Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Application
5 Europe Black Light Flashlights (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
5.1 Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales and Value (2012-2017)
5.1.1 Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
5.1.2 Europe Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
5.1.3 Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
5.2 Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Application
6 Japan Black Light Flashlights (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
6.1 Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales and Value (2012-2017)
6.1.1 Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.2 Japan Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.3 Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Application
7 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
7.1 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales and Value (2012-2017)
7.1.1 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.2 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.3 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Application
8 India Black Light Flashlights (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
8.1 India Black Light Flashlights Sales and Value (2012-2017)
8.1.1 India Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.2 India Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.3 India Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 India Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 India Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 India Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Application
9 Global Black Light Flashlights Manufacturers Analysis
9.1 Directglow Llc
9.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.1.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.1.2.1 Product A
9.1.2.2 Product B
9.1.3 Directglow Llc Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.2 Trends International
9.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.2.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.2.2.1 Product A
9.2.2.2 Product B
9.2.3 Trends International Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.3 Oxyled
9.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.3.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.3.2.1 Product A
9.3.2.2 Product B
9.3.3 Oxyled Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.4 Canserin
9.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.4.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.4.2.1 Product A
9.4.2.2 Product B
9.4.3 Canserin Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.5 Trends International
9.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.5.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.5.2.1 Product A
9.5.2.2 Product B
9.5.3 Trends International Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.6 Spot'S Light
9.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.6.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.6.2.1 Product A
9.6.2.2 Product B
9.6.3 Spot'S Light Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.7 Nebo
9.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.7.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.7.2.1 Product A
9.7.2.2 Product B
9.7.3 Nebo Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.8 Lighting Ever
9.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.8.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.8.2.1 Product A
9.8.2.2 Product B
9.8.3 Lighting Ever Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.9 Powermax
9.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.9.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.9.2.1 Product A
9.9.2.2 Product B
9.9.3 Powermax Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.10 Kmashi
9.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
9.10.2 Black Light Flashlights Product Type, Application and Specification
9.10.2.1 Product A
9.10.2.2 Product B
9.10.3 Kmashi Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
9.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
9.11 Bright Eyes
9.12 Loftek
10 Black Light Flashlights Maufacturing Cost Analysis
10.1 Black Light Flashlights Key Raw Materials Analysis
10.1.1 Key Raw Materials
10.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
10.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
10.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
10.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
10.2.1 Raw Materials
10.2.2 Labor Cost
10.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Black Light Flashlights
10.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Black Light Flashlights
11 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
11.1 Black Light Flashlights Industrial Chain Analysis
11.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
11.3 Raw Materials Sources of Black Light Flashlights Major Manufacturers in 2015
11.4 Downstream Buyers
12 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
12.1 Marketing Channel
12.1.1 Direct Marketing
12.1.2 Indirect Marketing
12.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
12.2 Market Positioning
12.2.1 Pricing Strategy
12.2.2 Brand Strategy
12.2.3 Target Client
12.3 Distributors/Traders List
13 Market Effect Factors Analysis
13.1 Technology Progress/Risk
13.1.1 Substitutes Threat
13.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
13.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
13.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change
14 Global Black Light Flashlights Market Forecast (2017-2022)
14.1 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Price Forecast (2017-2022)
14.1.1 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.1.2 Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.1.3 Global Black Light Flashlights Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
14.2.1 United States Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2.2 China Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2.3 Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2.4 Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2.5 Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2.6 India Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
14.3 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
14.4 Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
Figure Picture of Black Light Flashlights
Table Classification of Black Light Flashlights
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Black Light Flashlights by Type in 2015
Figure Under 100 Lumens Picture
Figure 100 To 199 Lumens Picture
Figure 200 To 299 Lumens Picture
Figure 300 To 399 Lumens Picture
Figure 400 To 999 Lumens Picture
Figure 1000 To 1199 Lumens Picture
Figure 1200 Lumens & Above Picture
Table Applications of Black Light Flashlights
Figure Global Sales Market Share of Black Light Flashlights by Application in 2015
Figure Personal Use Examples
Figure Commerical Use Examples
Figure United States Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Japan Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure India Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Black Light Flashlights Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Black Light Flashlights Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table 2015 Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Black Light Flashlights by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Black Light Flashlights by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Black Light Flashlights by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Growth Rate by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Black Light Flashlights by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue Growth Rate by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Black Light Flashlights by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure United States Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure United States Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table United States Black Light Flashlights Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table United States Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table United States Black Light Flashlights Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Black Light Flashlights Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table United States Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure China Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure China Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table China Black Light Flashlights Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Black Light Flashlights Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Black Light Flashlights Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table China Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Europe Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Black Light Flashlights Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Japan Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Japan Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table Japan Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Japan Black Light Flashlights Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table Japan Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure India Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure India Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure India Black Light Flashlights Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table India Black Light Flashlights Sales by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table India Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table India Black Light Flashlights Sales by Type (2012-2017)
Table India Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table India Black Light Flashlights Sales by Application (2012-2017)
Table India Black Light Flashlights Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Directglow Llc Basic Information List
Table Directglow Llc Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Directglow Llc Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Trends International Basic Information List
Table Trends International Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Trends International Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Oxyled Basic Information List
Table Oxyled Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Oxyled Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Canserin Basic Information List
Table Canserin Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Canserin Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Trends International Basic Information List
Table Trends International Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Trends International Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Spot'S Light Basic Information List
Table Spot'S Light Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Spot'S Light Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Nebo Basic Information List
Table Nebo Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Nebo Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Lighting Ever Basic Information List
Table Lighting Ever Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Lighting Ever Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Powermax Basic Information List
Table Powermax Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Powermax Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Kmashi Basic Information List
Table Kmashi Black Light Flashlights Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Kmashi Black Light Flashlights Global Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Bright Eyes Basic Information List
Table Loftek Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Black Light Flashlights
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Black Light Flashlights
Figure Black Light Flashlights Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Black Light Flashlights Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Black Light Flashlights
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Global Black Light Flashlights Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Black Light Flashlights Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Refrigerated display cases are cabinets with glass surfaces for items, which require cooling or preservation. The cases are ideal for products requiring a regulated temperature to maintain the freshness. These are mostly used in retail stores and food & re...
Probiotics are microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast, that are very useful to sustain the balance of intestinal microbial in human and animal body. Probiotic ingredients stimulate natural digestive juices and enzymes in the body to ensure proper functio...
Wearable technology refers to electronics devices that are designed to be worn anywhere around the body thereby enabling hands free operations. Wearable technology products have gained popularity over the past few years, with advancements in technology an...