Request for Covid-19 Impact Assessment of this Report
Sales, means the sales volume of Spinel Necklace
Revenue, means the sales value of Spinel Necklace
This report studies sales (consumption) of Spinel Necklace in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering
TJC
TOUS
TIFFANY
Stauer
West & Co. Jewelers
TraxNYC
Gemporia
Wanderlust Life
Juniker Jewelry
Market Segment by Countries, this report splits Europe into several key Countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Spinel Necklace in these countries, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like
Germany
France
UK
Russia
Italy
Spain
Benelux
Split by product type, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into
Spinel & Diamond Necklace
Spinel & Gold Necklace
Spinel & Silver Necklace
Others
Split by application, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Spinel Necklace in each application, can be divided into
Decoration
Collection
Others
Europe Spinel Necklace Market Report 2017
1 Spinel Necklace Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Spinel Necklace
1.2 Classification of Spinel Necklace
1.2.1 Spinel & Diamond Necklace
1.2.2 Spinel & Gold Necklace
1.2.3 Spinel & Silver Necklace
1.2.4 Others
1.3 Application of Spinel Necklace
1.3.1 Decoration
1.3.2 Collection
1.3.3 Others
1.4 Spinel Necklace Market by Countries
1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Spinel Necklace (2012-2022)
1.5.1 Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
1.5.2 Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
2 Europe Spinel Necklace by Manufacturers, Type and Application
2.1 Europe Spinel Necklace Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1.1 Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.1.2 Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Spinel Necklace (Volume and Value) by Type
2.2.1 Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
2.2.2 Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
2.3 Europe Spinel Necklace (Volume and Value) by Countries
2.3.1 Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
2.3.2 Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
2.4 Europe Spinel Necklace (Volume) by Application
3 Germany Spinel Necklace (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
3.1 Germany Spinel Necklace Sales and Value (2012-2017)
3.1.1 Germany Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
3.1.2 Germany Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
3.1.3 Germany Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
3.2 Germany Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application
4 France Spinel Necklace (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
4.1 France Spinel Necklace Sales and Value (2012-2017)
4.1.1 France Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
4.1.2 France Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
4.1.4 France Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
4.2 France Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application
5 UK Spinel Necklace (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
5.1 UK Spinel Necklace Sales and Value (2012-2017)
5.1.1 UK Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
5.1.2 UK Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
5.1.5 UK Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
5.2 UK Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application
6 Russia Spinel Necklace (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
6.1 Russia Spinel Necklace Sales and Value (2012-2017)
6.1.1 Russia Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.2 Russia Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
6.1.6 Russia Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Russia Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application
7 Italy Spinel Necklace (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
7.1 Italy Spinel Necklace Sales and Value (2012-2017)
7.1.1 Italy Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.2 Italy Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
7.1.7 Italy Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 Italy Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application
8 Spain Spinel Necklace (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
8.1 Spain Spinel Necklace Sales and Value (2012-2017)
8.1.1 Spain Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.2 Spain Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
8.1.8 Spain Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 Spain Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application
9 Benelux Spinel Necklace (Volume, Value and Sales Price)
9.1 Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales and Value (2012-2017)
9.1.1 Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
9.1.2 Benelux Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
9.1.9 Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application
10 Europe Spinel Necklace Manufacturers Analysis
10.1 TJC
10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.1.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.1.2.1 Product A
10.1.2.2 Product B
10.1.3 TJC Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 TOUS
10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.2.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.2.2.1 Product A
10.2.2.2 Product B
10.2.3 TOUS Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 TIFFANY
10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.3.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.3.2.1 Product A
10.3.2.2 Product B
10.3.3 TIFFANY Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 Stauer
10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.4.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.4.2.1 Product A
10.4.2.2 Product B
10.4.3 Stauer Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 West & Co. Jewelers
10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.5.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.5.2.1 Product A
10.5.2.2 Product B
10.5.3 West & Co. Jewelers Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 TraxNYC
10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.6.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.6.2.1 Product A
10.6.2.2 Product B
10.6.3 TraxNYC Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 Gemporia
10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.7.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.7.2.1 Product A
10.7.2.2 Product B
10.7.3 Gemporia Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 Wanderlust Life
10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.8.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.8.2.1 Product A
10.8.2.2 Product B
10.8.3 Wanderlust Life Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Juniker Jewelry
10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
10.9.2 Spinel Necklace Product Type, Application and Specification
10.9.2.1 Product A
10.9.2.2 Product B
10.9.3 Juniker Jewelry Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
11 Spinel Necklace Manufacturing Cost Analysis
11.1 Spinel Necklace Key Raw Materials Analysis
11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
11.2.1 Raw Materials
11.2.2 Labor Cost
11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Spinel Necklace
12 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
12.1 Spinel Necklace Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Spinel Necklace Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers
13 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
13.1 Marketing Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
13.2.2 Brand Strategy
13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List
14 Europe Spinel Necklace Market Forecast (2017-2022)
14.1 Germany Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2 France Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.3 UK Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.4 Russia Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.5 Italy Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.6 Spain Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.7 Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.8 Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
14.9 Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
Figure Picture of Spinel Necklace
Table Classification of Spinel Necklace
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Spinel Necklace by Type in 2015
Figure Spinel & Diamond Necklace Picture
Figure Spinel & Gold Necklace Picture
Figure Spinel & Silver Necklace Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Application of Spinel Necklace
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Spinel Necklace by Application in 2015
Figure Decoration Examples
Figure Collection Examples
Figure Others Examples
Figure Germany Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure France Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure UK Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Russia Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Italy Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Spain Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Benelux Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Spinel Necklace Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Spinel Necklace Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Spinel Necklace by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Spinel Necklace by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Spinel Necklace by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Revenue Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Spinel Necklace by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Spinel Necklace by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Germany Spinel Necklace Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spinel Necklace Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spinel Necklace Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spinel Necklace Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spinel Necklace Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Spinel Necklace Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table France Spinel Necklace Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spinel Necklace Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spinel Necklace Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spinel Necklace Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spinel Necklace Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Spinel Necklace Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table UK Spinel Necklace Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spinel Necklace Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spinel Necklace Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spinel Necklace Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spinel Necklace Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Spinel Necklace Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Russia Spinel Necklace Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spinel Necklace Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spinel Necklace Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spinel Necklace Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spinel Necklace Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Spinel Necklace Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Italy Spinel Necklace Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spinel Necklace Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spinel Necklace Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spinel Necklace Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spinel Necklace Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Spinel Necklace Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Spain Spinel Necklace Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spinel Necklace Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spinel Necklace Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spinel Necklace Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spinel Necklace Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Spinel Necklace Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spinel Necklace Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spinel Necklace Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Spinel Necklace Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spinel Necklace Basic Information List
Table TJC Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure TJC Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table TOUS Basic Information List
Table TOUS Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table TOUS Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table TIFFANY Basic Information List
Table TIFFANY Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table TIFFANY Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Stauer Basic Information List
Table Stauer Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Stauer Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table West & Co. Jewelers Basic Information List
Table West & Co. Jewelers Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table West & Co. Jewelers Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table TraxNYC Basic Information List
Table TraxNYC Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table TraxNYC Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Gemporia Basic Information List
Table Gemporia Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Gemporia Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Wanderlust Life Basic Information List
Table Wanderlust Life Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Wanderlust Life Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Juniker Jewelry Basic Information List
Table Juniker Jewelry Spinel Necklace Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Juniker Jewelry Spinel Necklace Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Spinel Necklace
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Spinel Necklace
Figure Spinel Necklace Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Spinel Necklace Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Spinel Necklace
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Germany Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Spinel Necklace Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Spinel Necklace Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Europe Spinel Necklace Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Refrigerated display cases are cabinets with glass surfaces for items, which require cooling or preservation. The cases are ideal for products requiring a regulated temperature to maintain the freshness. These are mostly used in retail stores and food & re...
Probiotics are microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast, that are very useful to sustain the balance of intestinal microbial in human and animal body. Probiotic ingredients stimulate natural digestive juices and enzymes in the body to ensure proper functio...
Wearable technology refers to electronics devices that are designed to be worn anywhere around the body thereby enabling hands free operations. Wearable technology products have gained popularity over the past few years, with advancements in technology an...